Download Awareness of Stored Energy - Part I

• Hazard Control
• Safety Engineering - Technology
• Identification of Hazards
• Evaluation of Hazards
• Control of Hazards
• Safety Management – Administrative
• Safety Program Elements
• Establishment of Policies
• Development of Procedures
Alive & Well
• Hazard Control Priority
• Eliminate Hazard
• Not Always Possible
• Reduce Hazard
• Modify Design
• Redundancy – Requiring Multiple Point Failure
• Safety Devices
• Guards, Interlocks, Fences
• Yet may be circumvented by operators
• Warning Devices
• Do Not Eliminate Hazard, Nor Do They Provide Protection
• Requires Human Perception and a Willingness to Participate
• Procedures
• Require Learning, Understanding, Practice
• Design of Procedures Critical and must Reflect Human
Characteristics, Capabilities, and Limitations
• Vary Greatly Between Individuals
• Hazard Identification
• Energy Analysis
• Injury cannot occur without the presence of some form or
Exchange of Energy
• Thus:
Hazard Identification – Energy Identification
• i.e. An unanticipated, undesirable release or exchange of
energy in a system may cause an accident and subsequent
operator injury and/or system damage
• Energy Management
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Type of energy
Amount of energy
Release of energy
Rate at which energy is released
To a level tolerable by humans
Lockout Programs must address Stored Energy
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Awareness of how Energy is Transferred and Potentially
Stored is essential
An Assessment of the Systems involved is required
Simply locking out a particular machine is not enough
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All stored energy must be Relieved
Verify that there is No Potential for Re-Accumulation
Assessment of related equipment
A clear policy and written procedures and instructions
are essential and address:
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Scope
Purpose
Authorization
Rules
Techniques
7 – Step Lockout Process
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Prepare to shut down equipment
Shut down equipment
Isolate equipment from ENERGY SOURCES (???)
Apply lockout devices
Verify isolation
Control STORED ENERGY
Prepare for Startup (After work is done)
• SLAM RISKS (Things Change !)
• Stop – and consider the work involved
• Look – for and identify the hazards
• Analyze – what needs to be done
• Manage – safety by developing & implementing controls
• Remember – to look for changes
• Identify – all potential risks
• Share –what you find, include others impacted by job & risk
• Know – what others on your jobsite are doing
• Safety – is everyone’s job!
• Hazard Identification - A Primary Concern
1) Personnel must be aware of Hazardous Energy in its many
different forms
2) Systems, whether Energized or Not, can produce
Hazardous Energy
3) Unexpected and unrestricted Release of Hazardous Energy
can occur if:
a)All energy sources are not Identified
b)Provisions are not made for Safe Work Practices with energy
present
c) Stored energy associated with Deactivated Energy Source has not
been Dissipated
• Reduced to levels that are tolerable by humans
• Case A
• Explosives (Chemical Energy)
• Individuals realize the Potential
• Government Regulations (CFR)
• Manufacture
• Storage
• Transportation
• Use
• Electric Blasting
• Nonelectric Blasting
• Extraneous Electricity
• Equipment / Tools
• General Requirements
• Safe Operating Procedures (SOP’S)
• Written document setting out the procedures that must be
followed
• Yet - - - Case B - - - Case C - - - etc.
• Energy
• Types of Energy
• Potential Energy – Stationary (Stored?)
• Kinetic Energy – Moving (Contains?)
• Forms of Energy
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Mechanical
Electrical
Chemical
Nuclear
Thermal
Radiant
Acoustic
Other
• Examples of Potential Energy
• Gravitational
• Supporting structures
• Suspended loads
• Mechanical
• Cable in tension
• Spring
• Pressurized Fluids
• Hydraulic
• Pneumatic
• Steam
• Electrical
• Capacitors
• Electromagnetic
• Chemical
• Fuels
• Batteries
• Nuclear
• Magnetic field
• Other
• Examples of Kinetic Energy
• Gravitational
• Falling object
• Radiant
• Mechanical
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Flying object
Impact of a moving against a stationary object
Impact of two objects moving toward each other
By virtue of its Motion
• Inertia – A measure of a bodies resistance to change in motion
• A Stable object resistance to being moved
• A Moving object resistance to being stopped
• “Stored” Energy
• With regard to physics Stored only represents Potential
• Yet all six of the major energy classifications can be
“Stored” in some form of this general energy
classification except Radiant or electromagnetic which
purely transitional
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Mechanical can be stored as potential or kinetic – flywheel
Electrical can be stored as either inductive or electrostatic field
Chemical and Nuclear are pure forms of stored energy
Thermal can be stored as either
• Sensible heat – simply increase in temperature
• Latent heat – involves a phase change - - - solid to liquid
Assessment of Stored Energy
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Identify energy sources & potential means for storage of energy
De-energize equipment by isolating or blocking energy sources
Lock-out the equipment’s energy isolating device(s)
Isolate or Relieve all stored energy and verify that energy has been
dissipated
• Verify that there is no potential for re-accumulation
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Critique the situation
• Gravitational Energy
• By virtue of its Position
• Supporting structures
• An accident waiting to happen
• Gravitational Energy
• Loss of structural integrity as a result of Corrosion
• Unauthorized Modification of Structure
• Impact to a Member results in Weakening of Structure
Oops – Bad Day
• Gravitational
• Fall of roof or back
• Scaling, Bolting
• Look for deterioration in ground support
• Use of RF remote controls
• Redundancy in controls “Proximity”
• Fall of Roof or Back Fatalities 2006
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01/10/06, 44yr, 15yr exp –Rock fell from roof
02/16/06, 33yr, 7yr exp –Struck by draw rock
03/29/06, 57yr, 23yr exp –Rock fell from roof
04/20/06, 28yr, 2yr exp –Rock fell from roof
• Gravitational Energy
• Cables In Tension
• Never stand below suspended load
• Use of tag lines
• Understanding Loads
• Imposed on equipment
• Applied to the cable
• Capacity of equipment
• Design
• Testing – Plate/Johnny’s
Prevention of Rigger
Mortis
• Slip / Fall of Individual Fatalities
• 05/22/06, 42yr, 15yr exp –Fell 17ft from forks of forklift
• 06/28/06, 49yr, 20yr exp –Fell through roof hatch cover
• 08/17/06, 37yr, 15yr exp –Fell 28ft to concrete floor
• Mechanical / Gravitational Energy
• Conveyors
• Belt
• Flighted
• Bucket Elevators
• Belt
• Chain link
• Cable Assemblies
• Aerial Tramways
• Slings & Bridles
• Cable & Chokers Systems
• Power Transmission
• Electric Brake system
• Backstops or Holdbacks
• Mechanical / Gravitational Energy
• Power Transmission
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Electric drives
Drive Belts
Reducers
Backstops or Holdback
• Not always beneficial
• Mechanical / Gravitational Energy
• Potential Energy Size reduction equipment
• Involve large heavy components
• Crushing
• Cleared Ore from unit before servicing
• Grinding
• Potential Energy resulting from
unbalanced charge
• Classification
• Position of counterweight
• Springs, etc
• Mechanical Energy
• Cables In Tension
• Danger Zones
• Potential failure of cable - Loss of foot
• Inertia of Conveyor & Coal
• Powered Haulage Fatalities 2006
• 04/04/06, 23yr, 1m exp –Entangled in belt & tail pulley
• 05/03/06, 19yr, 4w exp –Entangled in belt & return idler
• 05/23/06, 44yr, 11yr exp–Crushed between loader/conveyor
• Machinery Fatalities 2006
• 01/12/06, 39yr, 12yr exp -pinned by rear frame of loader
• 02/13/06, 25yr, 2 1/2yr exp -Struck by suspended load
• Gravitational Energy
• Mobile Equipment
• Pre-Operational checks
• Inspect Dumping locations
prior to dumping first load
• Gravitational Energy
• Mobile Equipment
• Grade Level / Inclined surface
• Stability of surface
• Recent weather
• Seat Belts !!!
• Mobile Equipment Powered Haulage Fatalities 2006
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01\27\06, 60yr, 10yr exp –Dozer traveled over 50ft wall
04/11/06, 22yr, 9m exp –Struck by skid steer backing up
04/22/06, 53yr, 33yr exp –Run over by front-end loader
06\12\06, 39yr, 14m exp –Boom fell & pinned against frame
07/15/06, 61yr, 40yr exp–Backed truck into water filled pit
08/29/06, 61yr, 31yr exp –Struck by front-end loader
• Fall / Sliding Material Fatalities 2006
• 04\21\06, 35yr, 11m exp –Pinned by loose off highwall
• 05\26\06, 58yr, 12yr exp –Bank collapsed & slid into water