Download Quiz 21

South Tuen Mun Government Secondary School
Biology Quiz 21
(A) Choose the best answer. (15 marks)
1.
Fossils of the earliest cells have never been found. Which of the following is/are the possible reason(s)?
(i) The cells were too small in size.
(ii) The cells evolved into higher forms quickly.
(iii) The cells decomposed quickly after death.
A. (i) only
B. (ii) only
C. (i) and (iii) only
D. (i), (ii) and (iii)
2.
The diagram below shows the changes in structure of the forelimbs of horses over the past 60 million
years.
past
present
Which of the following changes have occurred over the past 60 million years?
(i) The forelimb has become longer.
(ii) The number of toes has been reduced.
(iii) The hoof (蹄) has become harder.
A. (i) and (ii) only
3.
B. (i) and (iii) only
C. (ii) and (iii) only
D. (i), (ii) and (iii)
In haemoglobin, the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chains differs among species which possess
haemoglobin. The number of amino acid differences between Man and some other species was counted
and ranged between 8 and 127 as shown in the table below:
dog
earthworm
frog
rhesus monkey
A.
8
67
15
125
B.
15
127
67
8
C.
67
15
127
8
D.
125
8
67
127
Based on your biological knowledge on the evolutionary relationships between the species, which of the
options, A, B, C, D is CORRECT?
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4.
Which of the following statements about fossils is not correct?
A. Fossils in the lower layers of the rocks are earlier fossils.
B. Fossils are preserved remains or traces of organisms.
C. Fossils of more complex organisms are found in the lower layers of the rocks.
D. The age of fossils can be estimated by radioisotope dating.
5.
The diagram below shows a fossil.
Which of the following are required for the formation of this fossil?
(i) pressure
(ii) mud and sand
(iii) hard parts of the organism
A. (i) and (ii) only
B. (i) and (iii) only
C. (ii) and (iii) only
D. (i), (ii) and (iii)
6.
An interbreeding population of finches (a bird species) became separated geographically, forming two
isolated groups. Each group then became subject to different selective pressures. One group was then
introduced into the habitat of the other.
Which one of the following would determine whether they are now formed two distinct species?
A. They had been separated for more than 3 millions years.
B. They failed to produce fertile offspring.
C. They showed obvious difference in their beaks.
D. Their genotypes are different.
7.
The following observations refer to evolution:
(i)
Inherited variation which are “favoured” in a particular environment are passed on.
(ii)
This is called struggle for existence.
(iii)
In time, “favoured” inherited variations may accumulate causing gradual changes in the organisms.
(iv)
A population of a certain species can reproduce more than that can be observed in nature because
different individuals compete for natural resource for growth and maturation.
Based on Darwin’s theory, in what sequence should the statements be arranged?
A. (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
8.
B. (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
C. (iii), (i), (iv), (ii)
D. (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)
Which of the following ideas was not part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?
A. Variation between individuals arises by gene mutation.
B. Only those individuals better adapted to the nature live, grow and reproduce.
C. Individuals of a species compete for natural resources.
D. Variation between individuals is genetic and it can pass from one generation to another.
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9.
The Galapagos Islands are a group of islands in the eastern Pacific Ocean, about 1000 km from South
America. 13 species of finches (a bird species) are found on different islands; they look alike to each other
except for their beaks and their feeding habits. Assuming that the ancestor of these species came from the
main land of South America, what is the most likely explanation of the different finch species in the
islands?
A. The ancestor of the finches can eat different kind of food.
B. The finches evolved separately as it survived in different habitat.
C. The finches produced different beaks in different island in order to eat different food.
D. The ancestor of the finches become extinct.
10. Which of the following statements about natural selection is NOT correct?
A. The nature can change the genotype of an individual.
B. The nature acts on the phenotype and selects individuals that can grow and reproduce.
C. The nature can increase the chance of mutation.
D. The nature can destroy harmful genes.
11. How can natural selection lead to the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria?
A. When a patient does not finish a course of antibiotic completely, antibiotic resistant bacteria can
develop.
B. Bacteria mutate faster in an environment with antibiotic.
C. Indiscriminate use of antibiotic selects the bacteria that carry the antibiotic alleles to survive and
reproduce.
D. Bacteria can learn to save themselves when antibiotic is taken in by the patients.
12. Which of the following suggestions by Lamarck’s theory of evolution is shown to be INCORRECT?
A. Environmental change creates a need for the organisms to change.
B. When a body part of the organism is re-used, the body part will be better developed.
C. The change of the body part depends on the environment.
D. The development of body part can be inherited by the next generation.
13. Isolation occurs when
A. new species has evolved.
B. there is no gene flow between two populations of the same species.
C. there are different selection forces acting on different populations.
D. two populations are living in the same habitats.
14. Due to earthquake, a population of cat is separated into two groups by a tall mountain, this is an example
of
A. mechanical isolation.
C. ecological isolation.
B. hill isolation.
D. geographical isolation.
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15. When two populations of a common ancestor become unable to breed naturally, we call this
A. isolation
B. natural selection
C. speciation
D. survival of the fittest
(B) Answer the following questions. (35 marks)
1. For millions of years, dinosaurs, the giant reptiles, were the dominant animals on earth. The dinosaurs
disappeared suddenly and mammals began to dominate about 65 million years ago. Recent evidence
suggests that there was a significant rise in temperature of the atmosphere at that time. It may be the factor
that caused the extinction of dinosaurs.
(a) How might the significant rise in atmospheric temperature lead to the extinction of dinosaurs?
(4 marks)
(b) As dinosaurs had become extinct, no scientist has ever seen these living organisms. The existence of
dinosaurs depends on fossils that are found in rocks.
(i) What are fossils?
(ii) How do fossils help scientists understand dinosaurs in the past?
(1 mark)
(3 marks)
2. Most biologists believe that evolution is the best explanation for the development of life on earth. Evolution
is brought about by natural selection favouring particular individuals in a population due to them having
phenotypes that make them more likely to survive.
An example can be seen in copper tolerance in some plants. Some plants have a mutation that makes them
copper-tolerant. However, copper-tolerant plants do not grow as quickly as normal plants.
(a) Explain what is meant by the term mutation.
(1 mark)
(b) The following table shows the distribution of normal plants and copper-tolerant plants in an area of land.
Ground conditions
Normal plants (%)
Copper-tolerant
plants (%)
Non-contaminated ground
98
2
Copper contaminated ground
0
100
Use your biological knowledge and the information given to explain these results.
3. The following diagram shows a population of fish R, living among water plants in a river.
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(7 marks)
A species, predator on this fish R, is introduced into the river.
(a) Suggest why the population of R decreases in number.
(1 mark)
(b) A few years later, mutations of R forms two more populations of fishes P and Q as shown below :
These three populations of fishes are preyed on by the same predator species.
(i) Which population of P, Q, R would be most likely to decrease in number more than the rest? Explain
your answer.
(3 marks)
(ii) After a few hundreds years, R becomes extinct. But a similar sized fourth population of fish S
appeared due to mutation of fish population P. Fish S is better adapted to the habitat as compared
with P and Q.
(I) Draw a possible pattern of population S.
(1 mark)
(II) Suggest and explain the changes in the population P, Q and S.
(6 marks)
(c) A few years later, a mutation occurred in the plant and developed a plant species Y as shown in the
diagram below:
(i) Which fish populations P, Q and S will be better adapted in the river (I) where plant species X is
found, (II) where plant species Y is found.
(2 marks)
(ii) Assume that the other fish population that is NOT your answer in (c) (i) (I) and (c) (i) (II), becomes
extinct, suggest how your two populations of fish in the answer in (c) (i) (I) and (c) (i) (II) becomes
TWO different species.
(6 marks)
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South Tuen Mun Government Secondary School
Biology Quiz 21
Marking Scheme
(A) Choose the best answer. (15 marks)
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. C
6. B
7. D
8. A
9. B
11. C
12. D
13. B
14. D
5. D
10. B
15. C
(B) Answer the following questions. (35 marks)
*spelling must be correct
1. (a) Dinosaurs were reptiles. They lacked the mechanisms to keep their body temperature stable. (1)
Their body temperature increased with the rise in atmospheric temperature. (1)
When their body temperature became too high, the enzymes were denatured. (1)
The metabolic reactions became too slow to maintain life. (1)
(b) (i) Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of organisms. (1)
(ii) Fossils of dinosaurs found lower in the rock are earlier dinosaur species (1). They provide evidence of
for the existence of dinosaurs (1) and the development / structural changes of dinosaurs through
time. (1) Based on the fossil record, scientists suggested how dinosaurs evolved into mammals /
scientists suggested the dinosaur ancestor of mammals (1).
2. (a) Mutation is a change in the number / structure of DNA / gene / chromosome. (1)
(b) In non-contaminated ground, normal plants grow better. (1) Some copper-tolerant plants are present in
non-comtaminated ground due to mutation. (1) Therefore the majority of the plants is normal with a few
copper-tolerant plants (½)
In copper-contaminated ground, normal plants are killed by copper. (1) The mutated copper-tolerant
plants have selective advantage / are able to survive. (1) They mature and reproduce (1) and pass their
genes to the next generation (1). Eventually, all plants become copper-tolerant. (½)
3. (a) Some fish R are eaten by the predator. (1)
(b) (i) Fish R (1), because it has a bigger difference with the environment / the plants (1), they can be easier
seen and eaten by the predator. (1)
(ii) (I)
(1)
(II) As the pattern of S is similar to the plants (1), they are difficult to be seen by the predator as
compared with P and Q. (1) More P and Q are eaten as compared with S (1)
As more fish S can survive, grow and mature (1), they reproduce (1) and pass their genes to the
next generation. (1)
The populations of P and Q decrease while that of S increases (1). (maximum 6 marks)
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(c) (i) (I) S (1)
(II) P (1)
(ii) As S is more similar to the plant X and P is more similar to plant Y, they started to seek better
protection in these two microhabitats. (1) They became isolated and they stopped to breed with each
other (1). There is no gene flow between the two populations. (1)
After many many many years, the two populations are subjected to different selective pressure /
different environmental changes (1), they mutated differently and were selected differently by the
nature (1), thus they became so different that even if they came together, they fail to interbreed to give
fertile offspring. (1) Two species are formed.
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