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If a structure is double stranded and contains Thymine, what molecule are you observing? What does DNA stand for? (Deoxyribonucleic acid) (DNA) What does RNA stand for? (Ribonucleic acid) Hershey and Chase discovered that ____ carries genetic information and is passed from a virus to a bacteria. ( DNA ) DNA is an example of which biological macromolecule? A nucleotide consists of which three parts? ( Nucleic Acid ) (A five-carbon sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base) What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA? What are the four nitrogen bases found in RNA? (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine (Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil) Which of the following are single ring bases: Pyrimidines or Purines? Which of the following are double ring bases: Pyrimidines or Purines? (Pyrimidines) (Purines) Which nitrogen bases belong to the Pyrimidine group? Which nitrogen bases belong to the Purine group? ( Thymine and Cytosine. ** Uracil in RNA ) (Adenine and Guanine) Who discovered that the percentages of guanine were equal to the percentages of cytosine? (**Same for A and T**) What is Chargaff’s rule? (Cytosine = Guanine ; Adenine = Thymine) (Erwin Chargaff) Rosalind Franklin’s famous Photo 51 was used to determine which important DNA feature? Who built the first accurate model of the double helix? (James Watson and Francis Crick) (The double helix, aka spiral, shape of DNA) What do the outside strands (or “rails”) of DNA consist of? What are the nitrogen bases attached to in a molecule of DNA? (alternating sugars and phosphates) (Deoxyribose sugars) How do the nitrogen bases pair together in a DNA molecule? What forms the steps or “rungs” of the twisted ladder? (Adenine pairs with Thymine, Cytosine pairs with Guanine) (Pairs of nitrogen bases held together by hydrogen bonds) What are the four major differences between DNA and RNA? (DNA – Deoxyribose Sugar, RNA – Ribose Sugar) (RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine) (RNA is single stranded) (RNAcan leave the nucleus) Where are DNA molecules located in the cell? (Nucleus) What are ribosomes made up of? What is a gene? (A section of DNA which codes for the making of a particular protein) What are the three types of RNA? (Messenger RNA (mRNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and Transfer RNA (tRNA)) Which strand of DNA replicates at one location and in one direction only? (Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins) (The leading strand) Which strand of DNA replicates in many locations at the same time, therefore producing Okazaki fragments? If a DNA sequence is ATC GAC, what is the complementary DNA sequence produced in replication? (TAG CTG) (The lagging strand) What are the building blocks of proteins? (Amino acids) What is a codon? (A 3 base sequence that codes for a specific amino acid) How many codons are needed to specify four amino acids? (4. One codon codes for one amino acid.) What ensures that the appropriate amino acid, signaled by the mRNA codon, is added to the growing polypeptide chain? (the transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule carrying the amino acid has the complementary anticodon) How many nitrogen bases are needed to code for a protein with five amino acids? Arrange in order from smallest to largest: nucleotide, chromosome, cell, DNA, nucleus (15. One codon codes for one amino acid and a codon has 3 nitrogen bases ) (nucleotide, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, cell) If a DNA sequence is ATC GAC, what is the complementary mRNA sequence produced in transcription? On which molecule will you find an anticodon? (Transfer RNA (tRNA)) (UAG CUG) A DNA molecule being used to make more DNA summarizes which process? (Replication) A DNA molecule being used to make a molecule of messenger RNA summarizes which process? (Transcription) A messenger RNA molecule being read at the ribosome and signaling amino acids summarizes which process? What is the monomer (building block) of a nucleic acid polymer (macromolecule)? (Translation) (Nucleotide)