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Bacteria to Plants Chapter 5 Seed Plants Section 2 Gymnosperms Key Concepts: 1. What are the characteristics of gymnosperms? 2. How do gymnosperms reproduce? 3. What important products come from gymnosperms? Key Terms: • Gymnosperm • Cone • Ovule • Pollination Characteristics of Gymnosperms Gymnosperms- A seed plant that produces naked seeds that are not covered by a fruit coating Needle-like/ scale-like leaves Deeper growing root systems Oldest type of seed plant 360 million years old Types of Gymnosperms 1.Cycads Tropical/ Subtropical areas Look like palm trees with cones Cones can grow to the size of a football 2. Conifers Largest and most diverse group produce cones Evergreens Keep their leaves year round Types of Gymnosperms 3. Ginkgoes Only one (1) type exists Ginkgo biloba Chinese and Japanese kept them in gardens Put on city streets because they can tolerate air pollution. 4. Gnetophytes Hot Deserts Tropical Rain Forests Trees, Shrubs, Vines Gymnosperm Reproduction Cones- Reproductive system of a gymnosperm Male Cones Produce tiny grains of pollen that contain the sperm cells Female Cones Ovule- Produces the female gametophyte that contains the egg cells After fertilization the ovule becomes a seed Gymnosperm Reproduction 1.Pollination Pollination- Transfer of pollen from a male reproductive structure to a female reproductive structure Wind carries pollen 2. Fertilization Once pollination has occurred the female cone and ovule close to seal in pollen Fertilized egg cell develops into an embryo. Gymnosperm Reproduction 3. Seed Development Female cones remain on tree at the seed develops Female cone increases in size Male cone falls off the tree 4. Seed Dispersal Seeds become mature and cone scales open Wind shakes seeds loose and spreads them Only a few will thrive and grow Gymnosperms in Our World 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Paper Lumber Rayon fibers in clothes Cellophane wrappers on food Rosin Trees are grown in large cycled fields Cut down adult tree Replace tree with new one Cycle through trees so the new is an adult when they come back Chapter 5 Seed Plants Section 2 Gymnosperms 1. What are the characteristics of gymnosperms? 2. How do gymnosperms reproduce? 3. What important products come from gymnosperms? Section Review on p. 150