Download Turning Points in Biology

Lesson One – Vaccines I
Kerboodle Book Three Pages 22-23
What is an immunisation?
This is an injection that inserts a vaccine.
What is a vaccine?
A vaccine contains a dead or weak pathogen
How does a vaccine work?
A vaccine tricks your body into thinking a
harmful pathogen has entered your body and
it triggers your immune system to start
working. As a result of the vaccine you
become immune to the disease.
Edward Jenner (make sure you can explain
how he discovered them)
Kerboodle Book Three Pages 24-25
Who discovers vaccines?
Lesson Two - Vaccines II
How do your white blood cells fight disease?
Lesson Three – Antibiotics I
Your immune system detects pathogens.
It triggers your white blood cells to make
antibodies. Antibodies attack and destroy
pathogens.
White blood cells remember pathogens and
can quickly make antibodies which can destroy
the pathogen before you become ill.
Kerboodle Book Three Pages 26-27
What do antibiotics do?
Antibiotics kill bacteria.
Who discovered antibiotics?
Alexander Fleming (make sure you can explain
how he discovered them)
• Add bacteria to an agar plate.
• Let it incubate.
• Add circles pf paper coated in antibiotics
to the dish.
• See which one kills the most bacteria.
Kerboodle Book Three Pages 28-29
How do you become immune to a disease?
How can doctors decide which antibiotic to
use?
Lesson Four – Antibiotics II
What does antibiotic resistant mean?
How do bacteria become antibiotic resistant?
How can you reduced the chance of bacteria
becoming antibiotic resistant?
How can we stop superbugs developing?
Year Nine - Turning Points In Biology
Antibiotic resistant means antibiotics cannot
kill the bacteria.
When bacteria multiply their DNA can be
damaged or altered. This is known as
mutation.
• Do not stop taking antibiotics until the
course is complete.
• Only take antibiotics if you really need
them.
• Wash hands thoroughly
• Use antiseptics on cuts and grazes.
• Clean toilets with disinfectants.
• Use sterile medical equipment.
Lesson Five - DNA
What is a gene?
Name the shape of DNA.
Name the four DNA bases.
Which female scientist worked on the
structure of DNA?
Who identified the double helix?
Lesson Six – Charles Darwin
What is natural selection?
What is peer review?
What evidence is there for the theory of
evolution?
Lesson Seven – Preventing extinction
What does extinct mean?
What do you call animals that are at risk of
extinction?
How can species become endangered?
Give three ways that you can prevent
extinction.
Year Nine - Turning Points In Biology
Kerboodle Book Three Pages 30-31
A gene contains instructions (the code) for
characteristics
The double helix
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Rosalind Franklin
Watson and Crick
Kerboodle Book Three Pages 32-33
Natural selection is Darwin’s theory that
organisms most suited to their environment
survive.
Peer review is where scientists read each
other’s work to check it
• Fossils
• Development of antibiotic resistant
bacteria.
• Extinction
Kerboodle Book Three Pages 34-35
Extinct means no organisms of that particular
species are alive anywhere in the world.
Endangered species
• Loss of habitat
• Poachers
•
• Conservation
• Captive Breeding
• Seed Banks
(Make sure you can explain what each of these
are )