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People of the American Civil War 1861-1865 West Virginia CSO/NxG Social Studies Standard SS.5.H.CL1.4-compare the roles and accomplishments of historic figures of the Civil War. (e.g., Abraham Lincoln, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address, Ulysses S. Grant, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, Clara Barton and Frederick Douglass, etc.). Click to edit Master text styles Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) Click to edit Master text styles Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States during the American Civil War, which meant he was the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Armed Forces. He issued a blockade against southern ports when South Carolina and other southern states succeeded from the Union. President Lincoln was responsible for appointing commanders in the army, such as Commander George B. McClellan. Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, which declared that all persons held as slaves in the Confederacy shall be free. President Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania to honor those who had died in battle. He appointed William Sherman to become the Commander in the West in 1864. Lincoln worked for re-election and was re-elected as president in November 1864. President Lincoln was assassinated five days after Confederate General, Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General, Ulysses S. Grant at the Appomattox Court House in Virginia, which ended the American Civil War. Jefferson Davis (1808-1889) Click to edit Master text styles Jefferson Davis served as the President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. Prior to being elected as president, Davis served in the army, was a senator from Mississippi, and was a secretary of war. Davis faced many issues during the war, such as managing the war effort, controlling the economy, and keeping the Confederacy united. He had a hard time dealing with domestic politics, which really effected him and the Confederates’ war efforts. In April 1865, when the Union armies surrounded Richmond, Virginia, Davis fled with his family. He was captured in May and was charged with treason. He served two years in prison and later had trouble supporting himself. He lived off his family and friends until his death in 1889. Click to edit Master text styles Robert E. Lee (1807-1870) Click to edit Master text styles Robert E. Lee served in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. In June 1861, just two months after the start of the war, he became the commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. General Lee was very successful in many battles, especially the Battle of Chancellorsville in Virginia. Lee was unsuccessful at the Battle of Gettysburg because he was hasty in following through with the plan, known as Pickett’s Charge. Lee had failed to understand the Union’s improved weapons. This really cost the Confederate army. Lee surrendered to Union General, Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865. In the winter of 1865, President Davis, appointed Lee as the General in Chief of the Armies of the Confederacy, but the Confederates had already lost the war. Lee became the president of Washington College after the war. In October 1870, Robert E. Lee died of heart disease. Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885) Click to edit Master text styles Ulysses S. Grant served in the Union during the American Civil War. Ten months after the Civil War began, Grant had his first major victory in Tennessee. His troops captured Fort Donelson and Grant demanded that the Confederate general surrender immediately. He was also responsible for laying siege in Vicksburg, Mississippi in July 1863 until the Confederates surrendered. In March 1864, President Lincoln appointed Grant lieutenant general , in which he was in command of all United States armies. Due to his determination and leadership, General Grant finally wore down the Confederacy, which led to their surrender. Ulysses. S. Grant became a national hero, and in 1869 became the 18th President of the United States and served until 1877. He traveled the world for the next two years. In 1884, Grant was diagnosed with throat cancer and died in July 1885. Click to edit Master text styles Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) Click to edit Master text styles Frederick Douglass was born into slavery in which he tried to escape twice before he succeeded. Douglass was an abolitionist, a person who wanted to end slavery, and he regularly attended abolitionist meetings. After sharing his story, Douglass became an anti-slavery lecturer. William Lloyd Garrison published a weekly anti-slavery journal called The Liberator. Garrison was so impressed by Douglass that he wrote about him in The Liberator. Douglass began traveling and giving speeches and lectures against slavery. In 1845, he published his first autobiography entitled, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. The book became a best seller. Douglass was very influential and after the Civil War, he was appointed to several political positions, such as minister-resident to the Republic of Haiti. Frederick Douglass was the first African American to be nominated for vice president of the United States , although he never campaigned. Douglass continued to speak out against slavery until his death on February 20, 1895. Click to edit Master text styles People might not get all they work for in this world, but they must certainly work for all they get. -Frederick Douglass Clara Barton (1821-1912) Click to edit Master text styles Clara Barton was a relief organizer and humanitarian who was against slavery. At the beginning of the Civil War, she was one of the first volunteers to care for wounded soldiers. Barton continued to care for soldiers in the field, where she organized men to prepare food and carry water and to perform first aid. She would travel with her supply wagons giving aid to Union casualties and the Confederate prisoners. In 1865, President Lincoln appointed Barton the General Correspondent for the Friends of Paroled Prisoners where she responded to friends and families after locating missing soldiers. As a member of the International Red Cross, Barton established the American Red Cross in 1880, and served as the first president. She volunteered in Cuba during the Spanish-American War in 1898. Clara Barton died in 1912. Click to edit Master text styles The Gettysburg Address President Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address in Pennsylvania, at the dedication ceremony for the National Cemetery Gettysburg. This was the cite of one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War. Click to edit Master textof styles Lincoln wanted to honor the many soldiers who lost their lives during the battle. He spoke about the importance of liberty, the sacrifices of war, and the importance of preserving the Union. Lincoln spoke for less than two minutes, but his speech has been remembered as one of the most important ever given in American history. The day after the ceremony, Lincoln’s speech was reprinted in newspapers all around the country. “Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.” ― Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address Click to edit Master text styles Emancipation Proclamation Although Abraham Lincoln did not agree with slavery and found it to be repugnant, his focus was to preserve the Union during the ClickAmerican to edit Master Civil War.text styles When thousands of slaves were fleeing to join the armies in the North, Lincoln realized that abolishing slavery would be a strong military strategy. On September 22, 1862, he issued a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation which declared that slaves in the Confederate states “shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” The Emancipation Proclamation was official on January 1, 1863 and when it took effect, of the 4 million slaves in the Confederacy, 3.1 million were freed. This proclamation also recruited many freed slaves and free blacks to join the Union army and navy. During the next two and half years, 180,000 freed slaves and free blacks fought in the army and 10,000 fought in the navy. Click to edit Master text styles Click to edit Master text styles Click to edit Master text styles Click to edit Master text styles Click to edit Master text styles Click to edit Master text styles Click to edit Master text styles Works Cited Biography.com Editors, Frederick Douglass Biography, http://www.biography.com/people/frederick-douglass-9278324, 2016, A&E Television Networks ClickFebruary to edit 6, Master text styles CivilWar.org, Clara Barton, http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/biographies/clara-barton.html, February 6,2016, Civil War Trust Historyplace.com, 1996, The History Place Presents A. Lincoln, http://www.historyplace.com/lincoln/, January 30, 2016, The History Place History.com, 2009, Jefferson Davis, http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/jefferson-davis, January 31, 2016,A+E Networks History.com, 2009, Robert E. Lee, http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/robert-e-lee, January 31, 2016, A+E Networks History.com, 2010,The Gettysburg Address, http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/gettysburg-address, February 6, 2016, A+E Networks History.com, 2009, Ulysses S. Grant, http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/ulysses-s-grant, February 1,2016, A+E Networks Miniadler, 2011, February 16, The Gettysburg Address-Abraham Lincoln 1863, Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4Bojjx_Dew&feature=youtu.be Simon and Schuster Books, 2014, September 9, History in Five: Abraham Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation, Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zt65UV6Fspc