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***|CURRICULUM INFO|***
AREA
Social Science
SUBJECT
History, Geography, Politics and Economics
***|LESSON INFO|***
TITLE
The Empire of Alexander
AUTHOR
Ron Lombard
INTRODUCTION
This lesson is made up of nine parts and when you have completed each section you will
be able to list and discuss information about the rise of Alexander to power and history of
his empire. Follow the Greek coin as it leads you through the lesson.
GRADE LEVEL
***|PICTURE INFO|***
TITLE PIC |battleships.gif
SECTION PIC|coin1.gif
SMALL INDEX|coin1.gif
***|LESSON GOALS|***
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*|Social Sciences
+|Evaluate the evolution and nature of rules and laws that govern human interaction.
+|Analyze the basic economic concepts that have traditionally shaped economic systems.
+|Know the chronology and significance of the major events in world history.
+|Analyze ways in which physical and cultural feature influence the location of objects and
places
+|Understand ways by which people inhabit, modify and adapt culturally to different physical
environments.
+|Understand the concept of region in physical and cultural terms.
+|Understand the cultural and physical geography of each of the world's regions.
+|Analyze the relationship between individual and societal value systems.
+|Know and apply concepts that explain how living things function, adapt and change.
+|Know and apply concepts that describe the features and processes of the Earth and its
resources.
+|Know and apply the concepts, principles and processes of scientific inquiry.
+|Know and apply concepts that describe the interaction between science, technology and
society.
***|RESOURCES|***
*|Summary Alexander the Great
+|http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Aegean/7545/Alexander.html
*|Background battles of Alexander
+|http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/8740/Alexander.htm
*|Summary Peloponnesian Wars
+|http://www.vacation.net.gr/p/history8.html
*|Age of Pericles
+|http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GREECE/ATHEMP.HTM
*|Alexander viewed as a god
+|http://www.whittier.edu/history/worldhist97/alexanderthegreat/page3.html
*|Problem of sucession and Hellenistic Culture
+|http://www.wsu.edu:8001/~dee/GREECE/3EMPIRES.HTM
***|LESSON PROBLEM|***
PICTURE|C|olympias.gif
What happened to the power of Athens and Sparta that made it possible for the Macedonians to
take control of their region? And what dream did Alexander carry with him as he created the
largest empire created up to this period of history, that allowed the Greeks to have a great
influence on the future?
PICTURE|C|greekship.gif
***|VOCABULARY|***
Delian League
Peloponnesian League
Peloponnesian Wars
Athenian Plague
Macedonia
Philip of Macedonia
Demosthenes
Philippics
Aristotle
Alexander the Great
Thebes
Antioch
Alexanderia
Helenistic Culture
DariusII
Issusm
Ptolemy
***|STUDY GUIDE|***
PICTURE|C|mapgreece&persia.jpeg
The differences between the people of Athens and Sparta finally came to the forefront
because of the competition for trade in the Mediterranean Sea. The Delian League formed by
Athens came into direct conflict with the Peloponnesian League formed by Sparta and her
allies. Thirty years of what is called the Peloponnesian Wars followed with the Athenians
fighting the Spartans throughout areas of the Mediterranean and at home. <A Href="http://
www-adm.pdx.edu/user/sinq/greekciv/war/pelopwar/oleg3.htm " target="frame">The causes of the
wars</A> dealt mainly with trade and economic competion and the threat of Athens controlling
the entire area. Many of the city-states were involved and changed their support from one
side to the other depending on how the wars were going. The< A Href="http://www-adm.pdx.edu/
user/sinq/greekciv/war/pelopwar/oleg2.htm" target="frame"> first half of the wars</A>
allowed Athens to maintain most of their power, but slowly they were being worn down by the
constant fighting. Another section of the war dealt with conflict between these two great
powers in colonies throughout the Mediterranean.This<A Href="http://www-adm.pdx.edu/user/
sinq/greekciv/war/pelopwar/oleg4.htm" target="frame">war over colonies</A> caused a great
decline in the power of Athens and allowed the Spartans an opportunity to attack the city of
Athens.<A Href="http://www-adm.pdx.edu/user/sinq/greekciv/war/pelopwar/oleg5.htm " target="
frame">The fall of Athens</A> took place through a great siege much like the one conducted
against Troy years before. The lack of food and the outbreak of a <A Href="http://www.indiana
.edu/~ancmed/plague.htm" target="frame"> plague</A> forced the people of Athens to surrender
to the Spartans. Neither Sparta or Athens recovered totally from the ruinous wars making
them easy prey for invaders from outside.
PICTURE|C|greekhead.gif
To the north of Greece an area called <A Href="http://www.tufts.edu/org/hellenic/efantis/
makedonia.html " target="frame">Macedonia</A> was the home of a warlike people who looked
with desire at the wealth of the Greek states to the south. For years fighting had taken
place throughout Macedonia over who should assume the role of leadership. Finally a king
arose who brought all the people of Macedonia together under one rule. This was<A Href="http:
//www.entergroupltd.com/alex_web/alexfram.htm" target="frame"> Philip of Macedonia</A>, who
began to move against the war weary Greek states to he south. The voice of one Greek, <A
Href="http://www.optonline.com/comptons/ceo/01297_A.html" target="frame"> Demosthenes</A>,
warned about the threat of Philip from the north. In a series of speeches called the
philippics, he pleaded with the Athenians to defend themselves by uniting with other
city-states to stand against Philip. But the lack of trust built up after thirty years of
war did not allow for such an alliance. His warning were heeded too late and Philip was able
to defeat Athens and the other city-states. Philip was a great leader, but his treatment of
others left much to be desired. Because of this he was murdered and his young son would take
his place as king. His son Alexander was known as extraordinary youth and stories of his
powers of thought and control over others can be seen in the tale of training the horse<A
Hrewf="http://www.alexanderthemacedonian.com/buke.html" target="frame"> Bucephalus</A>. <A
Href=" http://www.alexanderthemacedonian.com/ "target="frame"> Alexander</A> would continue
the work of his father and then look for larger worlds to conquer.
PICTURE|C|phillipii.gif
Alexander was well educated and one of his teachers was the Greek teacher <A Href="http://
www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/8740/Aristotle.htm"target="frame"> Aristotle</A>. He adopted
much of the teaching of the Greeks in terms of philosophy, but much of his father's ways were
also part of him. At the age of twenty, he demanded the city-states all swear the same
allegiance to him that they had sworn to his father. One city-state <A Href="http://www.opton
line.com/comptons/ceo/04748_A.html " target="frame>Thebes</A> refused and Alexander destroyed
the city completely and the other terrified city-states submitted to his rule. Alexander then
turned his eyes toward the empire of the Persians.
PICTURE|C|Issusmbattle.gif
Alexander would unite the city-states of Greece and move against the Persian Empire. First he
would attack the area they controlled in Egypt. The Egyptians welcomed him as a liberator and
as a god because he ended the payment of tribute to the Persian kings. With this military
victory under his belt, he planned to attack the Middle East and defeat the Persians on their
own soil. His first major confrontation on Persian soil at <A Href="http://www.geocities.com/
Athens/Forum/8740/Alexander.htm" target="frame"> Issusm</A> was not a great victory, but he
did force the Persian Army the withdraw, and then rallied his troops to follow them further
into the Fertile Crescent area. His army defeated the Persians in many battles but the
Persians kept withdrawing further into their empire. Alexander refused to turn back and year
after year he pushed forward by land and sea until he reached the banks of the Indus river at
the border of India. By this point his army had grown weary of the constant fighting and
wanted to return home. Some of his followers watched him wear the clothes of the Persians and
adopt some of their ideas and beliefs. Alexander claimed he did so to bring the Persians in
as part of his empire in peace rather than war. While Alexander sought to win the support of
his conquered subjects, his men began to resent his new ways and demanded that the army
return home. Alexander in his anger told the army they were free to go and they should be
proud to leave their king that had led them from victory to victory. Many of his troops felt
ashamed of the fact that they would not continue to give him their support. Alexander also
relented and allowed many of the troops to return home. He continued to stay in his conquered
areas and had a dream of creating an empire that combined the best ideas of the Greeks and
peoples from the east. He attempted to spread a <A Href="http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/GREECE/
HELLGREE.HTM" target="frame> Hellenistic Culture</A>, that did allow many Greek ideas to
spread across his empire. He created great cities in the areas controlled by the Persians,
in particular the cities of Alexandria in Egypt and Antioch in the Middle East. These would
become great trade and educational centers for his empire. Alexander, however did not live to
see many of his ideas take root. At the age of only thirty-three he said to have wept because
he had no more worlds to conquer. One plan for the future he did overlook in that he had no
plan for succession upon his death. His empire was divided among the generals who had
followed him throughout his campaigns. An example would be the placing of Ptolemy on the
throne in Egypt. His hope was that the empire he had created would grow and become even more
powerful. What did not realize was that dream of a world wide empire would end with him and
others would follow who would attempt to rival or better his feat of conquest.
PICTURE|L|alexander1.jpeg
PICTURE|C|alexmapempire.jpeg
PICTURE|R|alex.gif
***|EXERCISE PAGE|***
Assume the role of Herodtus and create a report as to the cause of the fall the Greek citystates. Make sure to include information about:
Peloponnesian Wars
Philip of Macedonia
Demosthenes
Alexander
PICTURE|C|sailboat.jpeg
***|EXTENDED ACTIVITY|***
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Explain why Alexander was popular with subjects in the areas he conquered and what he did
to aid in gaining support of these people of different cultures.
***|QUIZ|***
Q|Sparta came into conflict with what city-state over control of trade
C|Thebes|0
C|Cornith|0
C|Athens|1
C|Macedonia|0
C|Tyre|0
E|Sparta and Athens would come into conflict with each other over trade in the Mediterranean.
Q|The wars between Sparta and Atrhens were called?
C|Celtic Wars|0
C|Tarde Wars|0
C|Delian Wars|0
C|Trade Wars|0
C|Peloponnesian Wars|1
E|The Peloponnesian Wars lasted for a period of thirty years between Sparta and Athens.
Q|The Peloponnesian League went to war against?
C|Sparta|0
C|Thebes|0
C|Athens|1
C|Macedonia|0
C|Babylonia|0
E|The Peloponnesian League was formed by Sparta to defeat the powers of the Athenian
Empire.
Q|The Peloponnesian Wars last over a period of?
C|Five years|0
C|Six days|0
C|Fifty Years|0
C|One Hundred Years|0
C|Thirty years|1
E|For a period spanning thirty years the city-states of Athens and Sparta Wared.
Q|Along with the siege of Athens what elese led to the Athenian defeat?
C|A major plauge|1
C|Lack of ships|0
C|Lack of troops|0
C|A great earthquake|0
C|Defeat of Egypt|0
E|A plauge that broke at during the siege of Athens helped lead to the defeat of the
Athenians.
Q|What threat to the north was getting ready to move into Greece following the wars?
C|Thebes|0
C|Thrace|0
C|Macedonia|1
C|Egypt|0
C|Persia|0
E|The area of Macedonia saw the weakness of the city-states of Sparta and Athens and planned
to attack the area.
Q|The king who united the people of macedonia was?
C|Alexander|0
C|Cyrus|0
C|Darius|0
C|Pericles|0
C|Philip|1
E|Philip fought for many years in Macedonia to unite the people under one leader.
Q|What Greek warned of the threat of Philip?
C|Scorates|0
C|Pericles|0
C|Demos|0
C|Demosthenes|1
C|Euripides|0
E|Demosthenes presented a series of speeches aimed at warning the people of Athens about
the Macedonian threat to the north.
Q|The warnings about the Macedonians was deleivered in?
C|Code|0
C|Stone|0
C|Macedon warnius|0
C|Oracles|0
C|philippics|1
E|The philipics were the speeches delivered by Demosthenes to warn of the threat of Philip
to Athens.
Q|The Greek teacher of Alexander was?
C|Socrates|0
C|Plato|0
C|Periciles|0
C|Hera|0
C|Aristotle|1
E|Aristotle, a Greek, was sent to Macedonia to educate the son of King Philip, Alexander.
Q|A famous story of Alexander dealt with the training of his horse?
C|Trigger|0
C|Bucephalus|1
C|Horus|0
C|Trvicia|0
C|BonJova|0
E|Bucephalus was the wild horse tamed by Alexander, displaying the courage and intellegence
of Alexander.
Q|An example to those that would try to stand against Alexander was given to?
C|Thebes|1
C|Athens|0
C|Cornith|0
C|Sparta|0
C|Solon|0
E|Alexander destroyed the city-state of Thebes because they dare stand against his army.
Q|When Greece was united under Alexander, he then turned his attention toward what empire?
C|Persian|1
C|Egyptian|0
C|Sumerian|0
C|Roman|0
C|Crete|0
E|Alexander turned toward the east and the Persian Empire to spread his control.
Q|In Egypt Alexander placed one of his generals on the throne and started what dynasty?
C|Ahmose|0
C|Euclidian|0
C|Ptolemy|1
C|Hyksos|0
C|Tiberian|0
E|The Ptolemy Dynasty in Egypt was begun by the Greeks.
Q|Alexander was popular with his new subjects in the Persian Empire because he stooped what?
C|The flooding of the rivers|0
C|The government of the local population|0
C|Tribute payment to Persia|1
C|End to the old religions|0
C|Roman control|0
E|By stopping the payment of tribute to the Persians Alexander gained a great deal of
popularity with his new subjects.
Q|The first major battle on Persian soil by Alexander's troops was at?
C|Salamis|0
C|Issusm|1
C|Athens|0
C|Phoenica|0
C|Alexandria|0
E|The battle of Issusm was not a major Greek victory, but proved to the Greeks they could
defeat the Persian Army.
Q|The Major city in Egypt created by the Greeks was?
C|Luxor|0
C|Thebes|0
C|Cario|0
C|Alexandria|1
C|Philipli|0
E|The city of Alexandria, in Egypt, became a major trade center for the Greeks in the
Mediterranean.
Q|The major Greek city created inthe Middle East in the area of the Fertile Crescent was?
C|Jordania|0
C|Tyre|0
C|Antioch|1
C|Alexandria|0
C|Cario|0
E|The city of Antioch became a major Greek trading center in the area of the Fertile
Crescent.
Q|One of the ways Alexander gained the support of those he conquered was?
C|Adopting some of their ways|1
C|Through the fear of destruction|0
C|Control of the water in the area|0
C|The control of the Navies|0
C|Removing the local government and customs|0
E|By adoting some of the ways of the people he conquered, Alexander was able to gain the
support of many of his subjects.
Q|One of the major problems faced by the Greeks after the death of Alexander was?
C|Maintaining the army|0
C|Returing to Greece|0
C|What to do with his wife|0
C|What to do about sucession|1
C|Which of his sons should become king|0
E|With no children the decision had to be made as to what would be done about sucession
to the throne of Alexander, it was decided to divide his empire between his generals.
Q|The idea of combining the ways of life of various people in Alexander's Empire was?
C|Peace of the empire|0
C|Greeko-Persian Culture|0
C|Macedonian Culture|0
C|Combinus Culture|0
C|Hellenistic Culture|1
E|The idea of Hellenistic Culture was to allow differing groups in the empire to share and
exchange ideas freely and all feel part of the same culture.
Q|Alexander extended his empire to the banks of what river to the east?
C|Euphrates|0
C|Tigris|0
C|Tiber|0
C|Indus|1
C|Jordan|0
E|The eastern part of the empire extended to the Indus River near present day India.
Q|What Greek was viewed as a god in much the eastern world.
C|Percilies|0
C|Socrates|0
C|Alexander|1
C|Budda|0
C|Zumba|0
E|Alexander was viewed as a god throughout much of the empire he had created in the east.
Q|Alexander is given credit for the spreading of what culture throughout the ancient world?
C|Persian|0
C|Greek|1
C|Egyptian|0
C|Eutruscan|0
C|Pax Romana|0
E|The culture spread throughout the east was Greek.
Q|The empire of Alexander was given to his _________________ at his death?
C|Generals|1
C|Wife|0
C|Oldest Son|0
C|The Third Son|0
C|The People|0
E|With no clear sucessor, the empire was divided among the generals of Alexander's Army.
Q|What event caused the decline of the Greek city-states?
C|Peloponnesian Wars|1
C|The fall of Crete|0
C|The rise of the Persian Empire|0
C|Fall of Macedonia|0
C|The Great Plague|0
E|The ruinous thirty years of the Peloponnesian War led to the fall of the Greek city-states
from power.
Q|The glue that held together the Athenian Empire was?
C|Peloponnesian League|0
C|The Mediterranean League|0
C|Alexander|0
C|Delian League|1
C|Olympic League|0
E|The Delian League was formed to support the goals of Ahtens and its empire.
Q|The father of Alexander was?
C|Pericles|0
C|Philip|1
C|Socrates|0
C|Aristotle|0
C|Darius|0
E|Philip of Macedonia was the father of Alexander the Great.
Q|The son of Philip of Macedonia was?
C|Pericles|0
C|Perius|0
C|Darius|0
C|Alexander|1
C|Cyrus|0
E|Alexander the Great was the son of Philip of Macedonia.
Q|The Persian leader that Alexander attacked was?
C|Darius II|1
C|Cyrus|0
C|Nabazui|0
C|Pericles|0
C|Marduk|0
E|Darius II was king of the Persians during the Alexander's attack on Persia.