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Food-Web Structure and Dynamics of East African Coral Reefs
Tim R. McClanahan
in Food Webs and the Dynamics of Marine Reefs
Published in print: 2008 Published Online: May Publisher: Oxford University Press
2008
DOI: 10.1093/
ISBN: 9780195319958 eISBN: 9780199869596 acprof:oso/9780195319958.003.0007
Item type: chapter
This chapter describes the oceanography, biogeography, and
management of coral reef ecosystems of East Africa. The chapter focuses
on the role of marine protected areas and fishing in controlling their
ecology as well as a simulation model of fishing with the expected model
and realized effects of fishing on the ecosystem.
Food-Web Structure and Dynamics of Eastern Tropical Pacific
Coral Reefs: Panamá and Galápagos Islands
Peter W. Glynn
in Food Webs and the Dynamics of Marine Reefs
Published in print: 2008 Published Online: May Publisher: Oxford University Press
2008
DOI: 10.1093/
ISBN: 9780195319958 eISBN: 9780199869596 acprof:oso/9780195319958.003.0008
Item type: chapter
This chapter describes the physical setting, biogeography, El Niño cycle
and climate change effects of the coral reefs of Panama. A focus on the
unique role of low diversity but complex ecological interactions, as well
the importance of corals in supporting a diverse and often cryptic part of
the food web is presented. Spatial and temporal variation is described as
well as the potential role of human resource use and climate change on
the ecosystem.
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Conclusions: An Ecosystem Perspective of Shallow Marine Reefs
Tim R. McClanahan and George M. Branch
in Food Webs and the Dynamics of Marine Reefs
Published in print: 2008 Published Online: May Publisher: Oxford University Press
2008
DOI: 10.1093/
ISBN: 9780195319958 eISBN: 9780199869596 acprof:oso/9780195319958.003.0009
Item type: chapter
This chapter summarizes what the authors consider to be the key
and general organizing principles of kelp forests and coral reefs along
gradients of oceanography, latitude, and effects of fishing and resource
use on these ecosystems. The general structure of these food webs
is described as well as the effects of top-down versus bottom-up
controls and the prevalence of trophic cascades. Human effects and
recommendations for management are presented.
Marine Ecosystems and Global Change
Manuel Barange, John G. Field, Roger P. Harris, Eileen E. Hofmann, R. Ian Perry,
and Francisco Werner (eds)
Published in print: 2010 Published Online: May Publisher: Oxford University Press
2010
DOI: 10.1093/
ISBN: 9780199558025 eISBN: 9780191721939 acprof:oso/9780199558025.001.0001
Item type: book
Global environmental change, which includes climate change,
biodiversity loss, changes in hydrological and biogeochemical cycles,
and intensive exploitation of natural resources, is having significant
impacts on the world's oceans. This book advances knowledge of the
structure and functioning of marine ecosystems, and their past, present,
and future responses to physical and anthropogenic forcing. The book
illustrates how climate and humans impact marine ecosystems by a
comprehensive review of the physical and ecological processes that
structure marine ecosystems and the observation, experimentation,
and modelling approaches required for their study. Recognizing the
interactive roles played by humans in using marine resources and in
responding to global changes in marine systems, the book includes
chapters on the human dimensions of marine ecosystem changes and on
effective management approaches in the era of change. Part IV reviews
the state of the art in predicting the responses of marine ecosystems
to future global change scenarios. The book provides a synthesis of the
work conducted under the auspices of the Global Ocean Ecosystems
Dynamics (GLOBEC) project over the last two decades, as the largest,
multi-disciplinary, international effort focused on understanding the
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impacts of external forcing on the structure and dynamics of global
marine ecosystems.
The Biology of Mangroves and Seagrasses
Peter Hogarth
Published in print: 2007 Published Online:
Publisher: Oxford University Press
September 2007
DOI: 10.1093/
ISBN: 9780198568704 eISBN: 9780191717536 acprof:oso/9780198568704.001.0001
Item type: book
Mangroves and seagrasses form extensive and highly productive
ecosystems that are biologically diverse and economically valuable.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of the
biology and ecology of mangroves and seagrasses, using a global
range of examples. It deals with the adaptations of these plants to their
exacting environment; the rich and diverse communities of organisms
that depend on mangrove forests and seagrass meadows (including
tree-climbing shrimps, synchronously flashing fireflies, and ‘gardening’
seacows); the links between mangrove, seagrass, and other habitats; the
evolution, biodiversity, and biogeography of mangroves and seagrasses;
and the likely effects of global climate change. The economic value of
mangroves and seagrasses is also discussed, including approaches to
rational management of these vital resources, and techniques for the
restoration of degraded habitats. Particular emphasis is placed on the
organisms that dominate these aquatic environments although pollution,
conservation, and experimental aspects are also considered.
Aquatic Food Webs
Andrea Belgrano, Ursula M. Scharler, Jennifer Dunne, and Robert E. Ulanowicz
(eds)
Published in print: 2005 Published Online:
Publisher: Oxford University Press
September 2007
DOI: 10.1093/
ISBN: 9780198564836 eISBN: 9780191713828 acprof:oso/9780198564836.001.0001
Item type: book
This book provides a synthesis of theoretical and empirical food web
research. Whether they are binary systems or weighted networks, food
webs are of particular interest to ecologists by providing a macroscopic
view of ecosystems. They describe interactions between species and
their environment, and subsequent advances in the understanding
of their structure, function, and dynamics are of vital importance to
ecosystem management and conservation. This book covers issues of
structure, function, scaling, complexity, and stability in the contexts of
conservation, fisheries, and climate. Although the focus of this volume is
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upon aquatic food webs (where many of the recent advances have been
made), many other issues are addressed.
Evolutionary Ecology of Social and Sexual Systems
J. Emmett Duffy and Martin Thiel (eds)
Published in print: 2007 Published Online:
Publisher: Oxford University Press
September 2007
DOI: 10.1093/
ISBN: 9780195179927 eISBN: 9780199790111 acprof:oso/9780195179927.001.0001
Item type: book
Understanding of animal social and sexual evolution has seen a
renaissance in recent years with discoveries of frequent infidelity in
apparently monogamous species, the importance of sperm competition,
active female mate choice, and eusocial behavior in animals outside
the traditional social insect groups. Each of these findings has raised
new questions, and suggested new answers about the evolution of
behavioral interactions among animals. This volume synthesizes recent
research on the sexual and social biology of the Crustacea, one of the
dominant invertebrate groups on earth. Its staggering diversity includes
ecologically important inhabitants of nearly every environment from
deep-sea trenches, through headwater streams, to desert soils. The
wide range of crustacean phenotypes and environments is accompanied
by a comparable diversity of behavioral and social systems, including
the elaborate courtship and wildly exaggerated morphologies of fiddler
crabs, the mysterious queuing behavior of migrating spiny lobsters, and
even eusociality in coral-reef shrimps. This diversity makes crustaceans
particularly valuable for exploring the comparative evolution of sexual
and social systems. Despite exciting recent advances, however, general
recognition of the value of Crustacea as models has lagged behind that
of the better studied insects and vertebrates. This book synthesizes the
state of the field in crustacean behavior and sociobiology, and places it
in a conceptually based, comparative framework that will be valuable
to active researchers and students in animal behavior, ecology, and
evolutionary biology. It brings together a group of experts in fields
related to crustacean behavioral ecology, ranging from physiology and
functional morphology, through mating and social behavior, to ecology
and phylogeny. Each chapter makes connections to other non-crustacean
taxa, and the volume closes with a summary section that synthesizes the
contributions, discusses anthropogenic impacts, highlights unanswered
questions, and provides a vision for profitable future research.
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Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems
Paul del Giorgio and Peter Williams (eds)
Published in print: 2005 Published Online:
Publisher: Oxford University Press
September 2007
DOI: 10.1093/
ISBN: 9780198527084 eISBN: 9780191713347 acprof:oso/9780198527084.001.0001
Item type: book
Respiration represents the major area of ignorance in our understanding
of the global carbon cycle. In spite of its obvious ecological and
biogeochemical importance, most oceanographic and limnological
textbooks deal with respiration only superficially and as an extension
of production and other processes. The objective of this book is to fill
this gap and to provide a comprehensive review of respiration in the
major aquatic systems of the biosphere. The introductory chapters
review the general importance of respiration in aquatic systems, and
deal with respiration within four key biological components of aquatic
systems: bacteria, algae, heterotrophic protists, and zooplankton.
The central chapters of the book review respiration in major aquatic
ecosystems: freshwater wetlands, lakes and rivers, estuaries, coastal and
open oceans, and pelagic ecosystems, as well as respiration in suboxic
environments. For each major ecosystem, the corresponding chapter
provides a synthesis of methods used to assess respiration, outlines the
existing information and data on respiration, discusses its regulation
and links to biotic and abiotic factors, and provides regional and global
estimates of the magnitude of respiration. This is followed by a chapter
on the modelling of respiration for various components of the plankton.
The final chapter provides a general synthesis of the information and
data provided throughout the book, and places aquatic respiration within
the context of the global carbon budget.
The Biology of Temporary Waters
D. Dudley Williams
Published in print: 2005 Published Online:
Publisher: Oxford University Press
September 2007
DOI: 10.1093/
ISBN: 9780198528128 eISBN: 9780191713538 acprof:oso/9780198528128.001.0001
Item type: book
Temporary waters are found throughout the world, including intermittent
streams and ponds, episodic rain puddles, seasonal limestone lakes,
and the water-retaining structures of plants, such as bromeliads and
pitcher plants. They are populated by a variety of plant, animal, and
microscopic communities ranging from the very simple to the highly
complex. As such, they represent fascinating and significant arenas to
study the properties of species, as the latter deals with the rigours of
living in highly variable environments. Obligate temporary water species
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display a remarkable array of adaptations to the periodic loss of their
primary medium that largely sets them apart from the inhabitants of
permanent water bodies. The survival of individuals frequently depends
upon exceptional physiological tolerance or effective migrational abilities
that are timed to appropriate habitat phases. However, apart from their
inherent biological interest, temporary waters are now in the limelight
from a conservation perspective as these habitats come more and more
into conflict with human activities. Traditionally, many temporary waters
— be they ponds, pools, streams, or wetlands — have been considered
as ‘wasted’ areas of land, potentially convertible to agriculture once
drained. In reality, they are natural features of the global landscape
representing distinct and unique habitats for many species — some that
are found nowhere else, others that reach their maximum abundance
there. Temporary waters are also very important from a human health
perspective, since they function as breeding places for the vectors of
many disease organisms.
Marine Ecosystems and Climate Variation
Nils Chr. Stenseth, Geir Ottersen, James W. Hurrell, and Andrea Belgrano (eds)
Published in print: 2005 Published Online:
Publisher: Oxford University Press
September 2007
DOI: 10.1093/
ISBN: 9780198507499 eISBN: 9780191709845 acprof:oso/9780198507499.001.0001
Item type: book
This book focuses on the influence of climate variability on the marine
ecosystems of the North Atlantic. The ecological impact of climate
variability on population dynamics is addressed at the full range of
trophic levels, from phytoplankton through zooplankton and fish to
marine birds. Climate effects on biodiversity and community structure
are also examined. The book discusses what is currently known about
how climate affects the ecological systems of the North Atlantic, and
then places these insights within a broader ecological perspective. Many
of the general features of the North Atlantic region are also seen in other
marine ecosystems as well as terrestrial and freshwater systems. The
final section of the book makes these generalities more explicit, so as to
stimulate communication and promote co-operation amongst researchers
who may previously have worked in semi-isolation. The book comprises
five main sections: background (general introduction, atmospheric
and ocean climate of the North Atlantic, and modelling methodology),
plankton populations (phytoplankton and zooplankton), fish and seabird
populations, community ecology (phytoplankton, benthos and fish),
and the final section consisting of six commentaries from scientists
working in areas outside the North Atlantic marine sector. In order to
enhance integration, a series of introductions link chapters and sections.
Throughout the book, numerous examples highlight different aspects
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of ecology-climate interactions. They document recent progress and
illustrate the challenges of trying to understand ecological processes and
patterns in the light of climate variations.
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