Download Physical Science Semester 2 Final Exam 2013 –STUDY GUIDE

Physical Science Semester 2 Final Exam 2013 –STUDY GUIDE
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Defining key terms:
Motion
Acceleration
Balanced forces
Simple machine
Coefficient
effort force
power
resistance force
Velocity
Constant speed
Unbalanced forces
Mechanical advantage
Subscript
efficiency
actual mechanical advantage
Skills:
How to identify a balanced equation
How to count atoms
How to identify types of reactions (decomposition, synthesis, single and double replacement)
Test Questions (will be multiple choice format)
1. A horizontal line on a velocity/time graph shows ____ acceleration.
2. The upward force on an object falling through the air is ____.
3. A feather will fall through the air more slowly than a brick because of ____.
4. In the absence of air, a penny and a feather that are dropped from the same height at the same time will hit the
ground _______.
5. The acceleration due to gravity is ____ m/s/s.
6. The path of a projectile is called a ____ and the shape is_________.
7. For any object, the greater the force that's applied to it, the greater its ____ will be.
8. As you get farther from the center of Earth, your weight will ____.
9. A real car moving at 10 km/h has more momentum than a toy car moving at the same speed because the real car
____.
10. In the equation p = mv, the p represents ____.
11. The unit of momentum is ____
12. When two balls collide, the momentum of the balls after the collision is explained by which scientific law?
13. A 300-N force acts on a 25-kg object. The acceleration of the object is ____.
14. A 3,000-N force acts on a 200-kg object. The acceleration of the object is ____.
15. If gravity did NOT affect the path of a horizontally thrown ball, the ball would follow what kind of path?
16. The kinetic energy of an object increases as its ____ increases.
17. Increasing the speed of an object ____ its potential energy.
18. The SI (metric) unit for energy is the ____.
19. You can calculate kinetic energy by using the equation ____.
20. You can calculate gravitational potential energy by using the equation ____.
21. According to the law of conservation of energy, the total amount of energy in the universe ____.
22. If a weight lifter is holding barbells above his head, what does he have to do to perform work?
23. A device that does work with only one movement and changes the size or direction of a force is a(n) ____.
24. The amount by which a machine multiplies an effort force is called the ____.
25. The unit of power is the ____.
26. a chemical formula, the number of each type of atom in the compound is shown by numbers called ____.
27. The elements that make up a compound and the exact number of atoms of each element in a unit of the compound
can be shown in a ____.
28. A chemical bond that occurs when atoms share electrons is a(n) ____ bond.
29. The ____ tells you how many electrons an atom must gain, lose, or share to become stable.
30. How many electrons are needed in the outer energy levels of most atoms for the atom to be chemically stable?
31. What is the total number of atoms in the compound Ca(ClO3)2?
32. How many hydrogen atoms are present in one molecule of ammonium acetate, NH4C2H3O2?
33. What is the name of the compound with the formula NaCl?
34. Why do the noble gases NOT form compounds readily?
35. What is the number of potassium atoms compared to oxygen atoms in a binary compound made from these two
elements?
36. What is the name of a binary compound made up of lithium and chlorine?
37. Which of the following is the correct formula for magnesium nitrate?
38. What is the correct name for K2SO4?
39. What is the correct formula for magnesium oxide?
40. A(n) ____ chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on each side of the equation.
41. Each substance on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation is a ____.
42. What type of reaction is shown in the following chemical equation: NH3 + HCl NH4Cl?
43. Which of the following could represent a decomposition reaction?
44. The breaking down of a substance into two or more simpler substances is ____.
45. Each substance to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation is a(n) ____.
46. A chemical reaction in which heat energy is released is ____.
47. Numbers that precede symbols and formulas in a chemical equation are ____.
48. According to the law of conservation of mass, how does the mass of the products in a chemical reaction compare to
the mass of the reactants?
49. A chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form another substance is called a ____.
50. According to the law of conservation of mass, if two atoms of hydrogen are used as a reactant, how many atoms of
hydrogen must be part of the product?
51. What type of reaction is shown in the following chemical equation: 2H2O 2H2 + O2?
52. When most chemical reactions take place, some ____ in the reactants must be broken, a process that requires
energy.
53. ____ measures how acidic or basic a substance is.
54. ____ change color in the presence of an acid or a base.
55. A bitter taste and a slippery feel are clues that a solution is probably a(n) ____.
56. In a ____ reaction, an acid and a base produce a salt and a water.
57. Coffee has a pH of about 5. Coffee is ____.
True/False
58. Balanced forces acting on an object cause the object to accelerate.
2
59. Gravity causes all falling objects to accelerate at a rate of 98 m/s .
60. Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of position.
61. The momentum of a 5,000-kg truck that is standing still is greater than the momentum of a 3,000-kg truck that is
also at rest.
62. The projectile velocity is the highest velocity that will be reached by a falling object.
63. When an object falls, it is reacting to the force of gravity.
64. Jane is on a merry-go-round that is moving at a constant speed. Her velocity is also constant.
65. Momentum is a property of an object and cannot be transferred from that object to another object.
66. Friction is a force that encourages motion between two surfaces that are touching each other.
67. Energy is measured in joules.
68. When you ride a playground swing, your potential energy is greatest at the highest point.
69. As mass decreases, kinetic energy increases.
70. Lowering an object decreases its potential energy.
71. The sum of potential and kinetic energy in a system is called the total energy.
72. As an object falls its potential energy is lost to the air around it.
73. Under certain conditions, it is possible to get more work out of a machine than you put into it.
74. In order for work to be done on an object, the object must move.
75. the ideal mechanical advantage of a machine is ALWAYS larger than the actual mechanical advantage.
Match each of the models with the type of reaction it represents – which type of chemical reaction are the following
depicting?
76.
77.
78.
79.
Match each option with the correct statement.
a.
b.
c.
an acid
A base
Could be either
____
80.
____
81.
____
82.
____
83.
____
84.
____
85.
_______ 86.
____
87.
In solution, it feels slippery.
It has a bitter taste.
It has the chemical formula HNO3.
It reacts with an indicator to produce a change in its color.
It has a sour taste.
It has the chemical formula Ca(OH)2.
It’s corrosive to metals
has a pH of
Interpret the following graphs:
John left his home and walked 3 blocks to his school, as
shown in the accompanying graph.
What is one possible interpretation of each section of the
graph?
Up to point A
From A to B?
From B to C?
From C to D?
GRAPH INTERPRETATIONS
Interpret what is happening in each graph for the moving object.