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The Mouth The mouth is responible for the main intake and output of oxygen for the body The mouth moistens and warms the air making it easier to diffuse in the lungs. The Nose The nose has the same function as the mouth- to clean, warm and moisten the air before it gets to the lungs. Pharynx The Pharynx is located at the top of the trachea. It is also known as the throat. Here lies the epiglottis which prevents food from entering the trachea Larynx The Larynx is also called the voice box It is located under the epiglottis The larynx allows speech using expired air from the lungs Trachea The trachea is the long tube like structure connecting the mouth and nose to the lungs. It is made of cartilage. It divides into smaller tubes lower down. Lungs The lungs are where the gaseous exchange takes place They are protected by a layer of pleural membrane and the ribs. Bronchus The Bronchus are the where the trachea splits into each of the lungs. They are made of cartilage and muscle Bronchiole The bronchiole (plural – bronchioli) are the smaller branches off the bronchus. They are found in the lungs and do not have cartilage. There are about a million of these per lung Alveolus The alveolus (plural – Alveoli) is where the gaseous exchange occurs. They are one cell thick and located at the end of each bronchiole. They have a large surface area and a rich blood supply making them efficient in the gas exchange process
