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Slide 1
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Chapter 17
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The Civil War
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Slide 2
The Start of the Civil War
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Everyone thought that it would be a short &
quick war
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At first, 8 slave states stayed in the Union
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By the end, only 4 slave states stayed
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Part of Virginia stayed which became West Virginia
Many of these border states produced a lot of food
Delaware
Maryland
Kentucky
Missouri
(later W.Va.)
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Slide 3
West Virginia/Virginia
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Slide 4
The Generals at the beginning of the War
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Lincoln originally asked General Robert E.
Lee to command the Union
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Lee said if Virginia stays with the North, he
would as well
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Lincoln then asked General George
McClellan
A good organizer & military trainer
 A very cautious commander
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Slide 5
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Strengths & Weaknesses
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North
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Strengths
22 million people vs. South’s 6 million free & 3 million
slaves
 90% of nation’s manufactured goods
 70% of the railroads
 Large navy & many merchant ships
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South
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Strengths
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Military leaders
Fighting on home ground
 Fighting for their beliefs
 Food
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Slide 6
Strategy for Winning the War
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South
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Fight a defensive war until the North gets tired &
quits
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North had a few key points
Use navy to blockade Southern ports
 Capture Richmond, VA
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Government was new & weak this would cause more
confusion
Control the Mississippi River & divide the
Southern States
Slide 7
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Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
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July 21st, 1861, Union troops head south
from Washington D.C. to capture Richmond
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Only 100 miles difference between the two
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At first the South starts to crumble
 General Thomas Jackson stood firm like a
“Stonewall”
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Everyone rallied behind him
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The North crumbled and ran
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Many bystanders had to flee
Slide 8
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Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
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Wilmer McLean’s House
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Slide 9
Civil War Weapons
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Slide 10
Weapons
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Slide 11
Naval Battles
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North controlled the Southern seaports with ease
The South needed something strong to break the
blockades
They took an old abandoned warship called the
Merrimack and put more armor on it and then
called it the Virginia
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It destroyed 2 Union ships & drove 3 aground
The Union sent the Monitor to fight it
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Neither side could win
2 months later, the South sunk
the Virginia because they were
afraid of the North getting it
after they captured Norfolk, VA
Slide 12
The CSS Virginia
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Formerly known
as the USS
Merrimac
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Slide 13
Battle of Antietam
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23,000 soldiers killed in one day
In the South, they call it the Battle of Sharpsburg
Sept, 1862, Lee went on the offensive
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A Union soldier found a careless general’s battle plans
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He figured a Confederate victory on Union soil would hurt Union
morale
McClellan was slow to act
Neither side won
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But, the North counts it as a victory
because the South had to retreat
Lincoln’s appoints General
Ambrose Burnside to replace
McClellan
 Lincoln saw this victory as an opportunity to emancipate
“free” the slaves called the “Emancipation Proclamation”
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Slide 14
Two Victories for the Confederates
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Battle of Fredericksburg
Union armies set out again to take Richmond
 Lee had dug in at the top of a hill
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Mowed down Union army
One of the worst Union defeats
Battle of Chancellorsville
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Stonewall Jackson & Lee
outmaneuvered the Union army
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However, Jackson got killed by
friendly fire
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Slide 15
Union Victories in the West
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Union led by General Ulysses S. Grant &
William T. Sherman in the West
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65,000 Union soldiers vs. 44,000 Confederate
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Goal– to gain control of the Mississippi River
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24,000 killed
The city of Shiloh was an
important step to
achieving that
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The Battle of Shiloh
One of the bloodiest
battles of the war
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Slide 16
Battle of Vicksburg
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After the Battle of Shiloh, it made it easier to
take the Mississippi River
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Vicksburg was the key spot
It sat on a cliff that overlooked the Mississippi River
Grant fought it for 6 weeks
 Then Grant came up with a
brilliant plan
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Take the city of Jackson &
attack from land
The city finally fell & so did
control of the Mississippi River
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Slide 17
African American Contributions
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By 1863, the Union allowed blacks to fight in
the War
 54th
Massachusetts Regiment
Led by Robert Gould Shaw
 Attack on Fort Wagner in Charleston, SC
 Nearly half of the regiment died in this
battle
 The most decorated military
unit in U.S. History
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Black soldiers got nicknamed
“Buffalo Soldiers”
Slide 18
Battle of Gettysburg
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Lee wanted to capture Washington D.C. by going
around and coming in from the north
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He hoped to take the Yankees by surprise
General George Meade’s army ran into Lee in a
small town called Gettysburg, PA
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Both sent in for reinforcements
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Many showed up
Turned into a 3 day war
Meade kept the high
ground
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No luck
20th Maine lead by Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain held the flank
Many casualties
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Slide 19
Battle of Gettysburg
Lee sent General Pickett’s army right up the middle
up a steep hill
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Lee felt he could divide the Union in half & destroy the
Union
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Became known as “Pickett’s Charge”
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Big gamble
Back fired
The turning point of the Civil War
The South went downhill from here & would never
rise again
50,000 soldiers killed at Gettysburg
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Lee tried to go around each side of the line
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The North held a special ceremony for Gettysburg
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Many hours of speeches
Lincoln gave a 2½ minute speech called the “Gettysburg
Address”
Slide 20
Lincoln vs McClellan
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Lincoln gets re-elected in 1864
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General George McClellan ran against him
McClellan promises a quick end to the war
 He would negotiate with the South and find a good
compromise
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Slide 21
Ending of the War
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Lincoln appoints General Ulysses S.
Grant to be the man in Command
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Grant believed in “Total War”
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Destroy everything
He used the North’s #1 resource
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Lots of soldiers
Many causalities
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General William T. Sherman marched through the south
destroying everything “Sherman’s March”
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Many battles happened and many killed
Grant keeps pushing on toward Richmond
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Burns Atlanta to the ground
April 2, 1865, Richmond falls
Lee & his men flee to a little city called Appomattox Court House
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April 9th 1865, Lee is surrounded and surrenders
Slide 22
Battle of Petersburg
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Slide 23
Appomattox/Appomattox Courthouse
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Wilmer McLean’s House
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Slide 24
Ending of the War
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Power of the Federal government grew
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Over 360,000 Union soldiers killed
Over 250,000 Confederate soldiers killed
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Many soldiers died from being wounded
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No state can just leave
Over 2 million dead from all causes of the Civil War
Hospitals were terrible
Didn’t sterilize equipment
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Slide 25
Post Civil War
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5 days after Lee surrendered, Lincoln went
to a play in the Ford Theater
 John Wilkes Booth slipped into
Lincoln’s booth & shot him
This happened on Good Friday
 Booth was an actor from the
south
 Lincoln died the next morning
 Booth was killed in a barn
a couple of weeks later
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Slide 26
Ford’s Theater
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Slide 27
Ford Theater
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Slide 28
Lincoln’s Death
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