Download Rocks, Minerals, and Soil Final

Rocks, Minerals, and Soil Final
Test is Tuesday, May 23, 2017
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1558292
Study the items from the rocks and minerals study guide. Dust off old note cards!
1. Why do plants and soil need each other?
2. Why is soil like Goldilocks, needing everything to be just right? Be detailed in your answer!
3. What is bedrock?
4. Think of all the leaves that fall from the trees in a deciduous forest and think of all the years that this
happens. Why is it that after thousands of years, the leaves do not pile up higher than the treetops
themselves? Where do all the leaves go?
5. What 3 things determine the type of soil we have in Columbus, Ohio?
6. Define each of the following forms of weathering include the best environmental conditions necessary
for each to occur.
a. Freeze-thaw cycle
b. Wave motion
c. Biological Weathering
d. Chemical
7. Describe the difference between sand, silt, and clay in terms of their
size.
8. How does sand and clay impact water drainage?
9. Practice using a soil texture chart
10. Define/Describe how each horizon of soil forms.
11. What determines the type of soil we have in a specific location?
12. Identify 2 reasons why soil is valuable.
13. Define/describe 4 ways that soil can be degraded.
14. Which continent has the worst soil degradation? Best?
15. Which 2 continents are degrading soils the fastest?
16. Dust Bowl
a. Who/what caused the dust bowl to happen?
b. When did the dust bowl happen?
c. Where did the dust bowl happen?
d. How did the dust bowl happen?
e. Is it possible for the Dust Bowl to happen again?
17. Soil Conservation – describe 6 different ways that farmers are conserving soil.
18. Define mineral
19. List and identify the different mineral tests making certain to include any special tests used to identify
mineral type
20. Define the difference between quantitative and qualitative tests
21. Be able to identify minerals from a list of tests compared to a list of various minerals
22. Describe the events that led to the creation of the crystals in the Naica crystal cave.
23. Define a rock
24. Describe different tests to help classify rocks.
25. Define, describe, and draw how each part of the rock cycle can become another part of the rock cycle.
26. Describe how each rock type forms.
27. Define igneous Rock
28. Define sedimentary rock
29. Define metamorphic rock
30. Compare and contrast the 3 different types of rocks
31. Define extrusive
32. Define intrusive
33. Define erosion
34. Define weathering
35. Define compaction
36. Define cementation
37. Define sediment
38. Be able to answer questions similar to the following:
a. Why are qualitative tests both good and bad?
b. Why would the Mohs hardness test be considered both qualitative and quantitative?
c. Why does a fossil have to be present in the original sedimentary rock so that a fossil can be found
in a metamorphic rock?
d. Why can’t igneous and metamorphic rocks hold fossils?
e. Why are metamorphic rocks similar to Goldilocks?
f. Igneous rock comes from volcanic activity. Where on earth’s surface would we have an area rich in
igneous rocks?
g. Why is the rock cycle called a cycle?
h. Why do scientists describe igneous rocks as being fire born?
i. Intrusive rocks are trapped where in relation to earth’s surface?
j. What type of igneous rock was the scientist trying to gather from Mount Nyiragongo volcano in
Africa? Why?
Why do plants and soil need each other?/plants provide organic matter while soil provides nutrients.
What is bedrock?/solid rock layer under the soil
What 3 things determine the type of soil we have in Columbus, Ohio?/climate, bedrock, plant type.
Freeze-thaw cycle/water freezes, expands in the cracks, and then breaks the rock into smaller pieces;
happening wherever there is cold and warm climates.
Wave motion/waves are notorious for rolling rocks along the bottom of the sea smashing them into other
rocks and slowly breaking them down; happens along any shoreline.
Biological Weathering// Roots grow into the cracks of rocks pushing against the sides of the rocks much
like the expanding ice in the freeze-thaw cycle. Eventually, the roots push hard enough that it snaps the
rock in two; happens wherever plants grow.
Chemical/Many minerals react with water. As water strikes a rock, it can react causing the mineral to
weaken or dissolve; happens with pollution and rainy areas.
Describe the difference between sand, silt, and clay in terms of their size./sand is large particles; silt is small size
particle; clay is extremely small particle.
How does sand and clay impact water drainage?/sand allows water to pass through while clay stops the water from
moving.
Horizon A/refers to the upper layer of soil, nearest the surface. It is commonly known as topsoil.
Horizon B/layer of soil that has little or no organic matter; only way nutrients arrive here is by leaching from layer A.
Horizon C/consists mostly of weatherized big rocks; leaching may bring some minerals from horizon B down to this
horizon.
Horizon O/Organic layer
Horizon R/Bedrock
Define/describe 4 ways that soil can be degraded.
Describe 6 different ways that farmers are conserving soil./contour farming, contour plowing, contour terracing,
crop rotation, wind break, conservation tillage