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Grammatical terminology Terminologia gramatyczna Parts of speech Części mowy adjective adverb article auxiliary conjunction noun preposition verb Some clever people have made a good job of this. It is really beautiful. Przymiotnik (jaki? jaka? jakie?) You sang beautifully, well done. Przysłówek (jak?) A new teacher is introduced by the headteacher. Przedimek Have you seen my sister? She is nowhere in the house. Czasownik posiłkowy She spoke loudly and clearly although she was very Spójnik nervous. The students are in the classroom singing “Love is in Rzeczownik the air”. (kto? co?) The ball rolled down the road and stopped under a car. Przyimek We got up early because it was a special day. We Czasownik (co have never been so nervous. I remember this day. I robi?) will never forget it. Basic grammatical terms Podstawowe terminy gramatyczne contraction infinitive The shortening of two words, which is common in spoken English, e.g. don’t for do not, can’t for cannot, he’s for he is or he has, we’d for we had or we would. Basic form of the verb which you need to look up verbs in the dictionary and which you use in sentences, e.g. after to or after can / may / could / will / would. Skróty Bezokolicznik Can I borrow your ruler, please? May I come in? Could you help me with my homework, please? plural singular tense 7.1 (1) Form of verb in a Infinitive sentence went go walked walk washes wash is changing change has rung ring Form of a noun, pronoun or verb that refers to more than one thing or person. Young children like playing on playgrounds. Form of a noun, pronoun or verb that refers to one thing or person. My little sister likes ice cream. Form of the verb that show the time of the action. I am sitting at my desk. (now, at this moment) Yesterday I got a letter from my grandmother. I was very happy to hear from her. (past) I will learn English quickly. (future) Liczba mnoga Liczba pojedyńcza Czas (gramatyczny) Adjectives and adverbs: degrees of comparison Przymiotniki i przysłówki: stopniowanie Short adjectives and adverbs (those with one syllable and some with two syllables) Adjectives and adverbs with many syllables Irregular comparisons old big easy difficult beautifully good [adj.] well [adv.] bad [adj.] badly [adv.] much, many far little older bigger easier more difficult more beautifully oldest biggest easiest most difficult most beautifully worse worst more further farther less most furthest farthest least better best More advanced grammatical terms Bardziej zaawansowane terminy gramatyczne active voice affix clause subordinate clause main clause comparative consonant future imperative indicative object paragraph passive voice past participle 7.1 (2) strona czynna przedrostek zdanie podrzędne, zdanie nadrzędne/główne porównanie spółgłoska przyszły/ość tryb rozkazujący tryb wskazujący dopełnienie paragraf strona bierna imiesłów czasu przeszłego past perfect present perfect czas przeszły dokonany czas przeszły prosty przedrostek imiesłów czasu teraźniejszego czas zaprzeszły present tense stem subject subjunctive suffix superlative syllable vowel word order czas teraźniejszy rdzeń podmiot tryb łączący przyrostek stopień najwyższy sylaba samogłoska porządek zdania simple past tense prefix present participle