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8th Grade US history STAAR review
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1.
2.
3.
(important
fact) 1787
delegates from 13 stats drafted the US
Constitution in Philadelphia, PA
13th
Amendment
Abolished slavery in the US
14th
Amendment
Made former slaves citizensand gave equal
protection under th law for all citizens
15th
Amendment
African American males are given the right
to vote
1607
Jamestown,Virginia
House of Burgesses (1619)
John Smith
17.
18.
4.
19.
5.
6.
1620
Pilgrims
Plymouth
Mayflower Compact
Willam Bradford
7.
1776
Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
John Hancock
8.
1787
Constitutional Convention
James Madison
George Washington
9.
1803
Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson
Lewis and Clark
20.
21.
10.
1861-1865
Civil War
Emancipation Proclamation
Abraham Lincoln
11.
Abolitionist
Person who fights to end slavery
Abraham
Lincoln
1863
President of US during Civil War
First Republican President
Election resulted in South's secession from
Union
Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April
14, 1865
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Alexander
Hamilton
Author of Federalist Papers
1st secretary of the treasury under
Washington
AntiFederalists
Opposed ratification of the Constitution
Supported a Bill of Rights
Ex: Patrick Henry and George Mason
Antietam
Septembr 17, 1862
Bloodiest day of the war
Lee retreats
Licoln decides to take action against slavery
Appomattox
Court House
April 9,1865
Lee surrenders to Grant
Grants shows mercy ad respect to Lee and his
troops
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
The Articles of
Confederation
1781
The first form of government established by
the 13 colonies
Articles were replaced by the US Constitution
because the Articles had a weak central
government
Battle of
Yorktown
Major British defeat that effectively ends the
war
The Battles of
Saratoga
Turning point of Revolution
French enter war as American allies
Benjamin
Franklin
Publisher and inventor
Respected statesman who guided the
colonies toward independence
Helped convince France to support America
during the Revolutionary War
Bessemer
Steel Process
Late 1800s
Invented by WIlliam Kelly and Henry
Bessemer
Allowed steel to be mnufactured cheaply
Bill of Rights
1st 10 amendments of the Constitution
Protect individual rights and liberties
Necessary in order for some states to ratify
the Constitution
Causes of the
American
Revolution
Britsih taxed colonies heavily for revenue to
pay for the French and Indin War
"No taxation without representation"colonists resented being taxed without
having a representative in Parliament
Tax Acts including: Stamp Act, Sugar Act,
and Tea Act angered colonists
Boston Massacre
Intolerable Acts(Coercive Acts)
Charles de
Montsquieu
Separation of powers
Checks and
Balaces
Makes sure no branch of government
becomes too powerful
Civil
Disobedience
Peaceful protest of injustice
Civil War
War between North and South from 18611865
Columbian
Exchange
Exchange of crops, animals, disease, and
ideas of different cultures after Europeans
landed in the Americas
Compromise
of 1850
California admitted as a free state
New Mexico Territory to have no restrictions
on slavery
Set new border between Texas and New
Mexico
Slave trade (but not slavery) banned in
Washington, D.C.
Stronger fugitive slave laws
30.
Connecticut
Founded in 1636 by Thomas Hooker after
leaving Massachusetts
31.
Cotton Gin
1793
Invented by Eli Whitney
Removed seeds from cotton
Increased demands for slaves
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
Fort Sumter
April 12-14, 1861
Confederate forces attack US fort in South
Carolina
Frederick
Douglas
Influential speaker and writer
North Star
Free
Enterprise
System
System by whcih people can conduct
business free from government control
except for reasonable regulations made for
the general good
French and
Indian War
outcome~
1754-1763
George Washington gains national
prominence
England gains control of more territory
War plunges England into debt
Proclamation of 1763 states that colonists
CANNOT settle west of the Appalachian
Mountains
Fundamental
Orders of
Connecticut
First written constitution in America
Adopted in 1639
Gadsden
Purchase
1853
Purchased from Mexico for $10 Million
George
Washington
Commander of the Continental Army during
the American Revolution
Elected 1st President of the US in 1789
51.
Georgia
Founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe as a
debtor's colony
52.
Gettysburg
July 1-4, 1863
Surprise battle in Pennsylvania
Lee retreats
Gettysburg
Adress
1863
2 minute speech uniting Americans
Expressed what war was about "government
of the people, by the people, for the people
shall not perish from the earth."
Gibbons v.
Ogden
1824
Congress has authority to regulate interstate
and intrastate trade
Great
Compromise
Represntation: All states get 2 votes in the
Senate
Number of votes in the house determined by
state population
Harriet
Tubman
Conductor on the Underground Railroad
Henry Clay
Westerner known as the "Great
Compromiser"
Henry David
Thoreau
Refused to pay taxes in protest of the
Mexican-American war
Hiram
Rhodes Revels
1st Africsn American elected to the Senate
44.
45.
46.
Daniel
Webster
Northern Senator
Opposed slavery
Dawes Act
(1887)
Broke up Native American reservations
Declaration of
Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson
Lists colonial grievances against King
George
Justifies the colonies breaking away from
England
Dred Scott v.
Sanford
Supreme Court decision which Dred Scott (a
slave) was considered propertt, and not a
citizen- therefore had no right to bring a
lawsuit asking for his freedom
Election of
1860
Lincoln elected President
49.
Elizabeth
Cady Stanton
and Susan B.
Anthony
worked for women's rights
50.
Emancipation
Proclamation
1863
Document declaring that all slaves in th
South were free
English Bill of
Rights
1689
Influenced the Constitution by forbidding
cruel and unusual punishment
Granted the right to bear arms
Laws must be passed by the legislative
branch
Taxes must be approved by the legislative
branch
47.
Executive
Branch
Enforces laws
Federalism
Power is shared between states and national
government
Federalist
Papers
1787-1788
Essays written to encouage ratification of the
Constitution
Authors included Alexander Hamilton, John
Jay, and James Madison
Federalists
48.
53.
54.
55.
Supported ratification of Constitution and the
creation of a strong central government
Ex: James Madison, Alexander Hamilton,
John Jay
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
Homestead Act
(1862)
Gave free land to settlers who would live
on the land for 5 years
Encouraged thousands to the Great
Plains
79.
Loyalists
Americans who supported Great Britain
during the American Revolution
80.
Magna Carta
1215
Limited the power of the king
Provided trial by jury
Manifest
Destiny
Belief that the US was destined to stretch
across the continent
Marbury v.
Madison
1803
Established Judicial Review giving Supreme
Court authority to decideif laws are
constitutional or not
Mayflower
Compact
Agreement among male pilgrims aboard the
Mayflower in which they pledged loyalty to
England and promised to obey the laws of the
colony; formed a "civil body politic" for "our
better ordering and preservations"
McCulloch v.
Maryland
1819
States cannot tax a federal bank
Medal of
Honor
Recipients
Philip Bazzar
William Carney
Mercantilism
An economic system that promoted thr
growth of a country's economy through a
favorable balance of trade
Goal was to build wealth by exploiting the
natural reaources of colonial territories
Mexican
Cession
1848
California and New Mexico sold to the US for
$15 Million after the Mexican-American War
Middle
Colonies
NewYork, Pennsylvania,New Jersey,
Delaware
Fertile soil, milder climate than New England
Diverse, tolerant
Migration
Movement of people from one location to
another
Missouri
Compromise
1820
Maine enters Union as a free state
Missouri enters Union as slave state
Slavery prohibited in remainder of Louisiana
Territory
Monroe
Doctrine
Closed Americas to further European
colonization
In exchange, US promised to stay out of
European affairs
Morrill Act
(1862)
Funded public colleges focused on agriculture
and mechanical arts
Northern
(New
England)
Colonies
Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, Maine
Cold climate and rocky soil
Shipbuilding, trade,and fishing
House of
Burgesses
Created in Virginia in1619
First representative government in the
colonies
62.
Immigration
Movement of people into a country frim
another country
63.
Individual Rights
Basic rights and liberties of all citiens as
guaranteed in the Bill of Rights
Interchangable
Parts
Invented by Eli Whitney
Opened the way for factories
Jackson's war on
the bank
Jackson removes federal funds from
nationl bank, forcing it into bankruptcy
Jacksonian
Democracy
Idea of spreading political power to all
the people, thereby ensuring majority
rule
James Madison
4th president of US
Main author of the US Constitution
during the War of 1812
85.
Jamestown,
Virginia
Founded in 1607 by the Virginia
Company
Colony was saved by tobacco
86.
Jefferson Davis'
Inaugural
Address
1861
President of Confederacy compared
secession to divorce between husband
and wife
John Adams
2nd president of US
Helpes negotiate Treaty of Paris, ending
the American Revolution
61.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
John C. Calhoun
Southern Senator
Supported slavery
72.
John Locke
Natural rights
73.
Judicial Branch
Interprets laws
74.
King George 3
Ruler of Great Britain during the
American Revolutionary War
Legislative
Branch
Makes laws
Lexington and
Concord
First battle of revolution
"Shot heard 'round the world"
Limited
Government
Power of the government is restricted by
the Constitution-"No one is above the
law"
Louisiana
Purchase
1803
Purchased by President Jefferson from
France
Doubled the size of the US
81.
82.
83.
84.
87.
88.
89.
75.
90.
91.
76.
77.
78.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
Northwest
Ordinance
1787
Established an ordely expansion to
western territory
1st attempt by the US to stop spread of
slavery
New states given the same rights and
privelages as previous states
Nullification
Crisis
Argument between South Carolina and the
federal government regarding the role of
national government
Oregon
Territory
1859
33rd state
Patrick Henry
Patriot
Delivered "Give me liberty, or give me
death" speech in the Virginia Houseof
Burgesses in March, 1775
98.
Patriots
Americans who supported declaring
independence from Great Britain during
the American Revolution
99.
Pennsylvania
Founded in 1680 by William Penn
Promoted tolerance and equality
Plantation
System
Economic system in which slaves provided
the necessary labor for planting and
harvesting cashcrops like cotton, rice, and
tobacco
Plymouth,
Massachusetts
Founded in 1620 by Pilgrims for religious
freedom and tolerance
Popular
Sovereignty
People hold supreme power
The Preamble
Intro to the Constitution that states its
purpose
Radical
Reconstruction
Congress
Wanted Congress, not the President to
control a tougher, more extreme approach
Railroads
Encouraged settlement in the west
Created thousands of new jobs
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
Ratification
Results of
the Civil
War
Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House
and South loses war
Southern economy is ruined
Northern economy becomes stronger
Reconstruction begins
Samuel
Adams
Cousin to John Adams
Patriot
Leader of the Boston Sons of Liberty
Separation
of Powers
Divides the powers of the federal government
into 3 branches
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
Sojourner
Truth
Spoke about her experiences as a slave
Southern
Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Georgia
Warm climate, rich soil, long growing season
Farming and agriculture
State's
Rights
Belief in local government close to the people
Each state should be able to decide key issues
for themselves
Steamboat
1807
Invented by Robert Fulton
Improved transportation of goods and people
Subsistence
Agriculture
Farmer produces just enough to support
himself and his family wih little left for
purchasing manufactured goods
119.
Suffrage
Woman's right to vote
120.
Tariff
tax on imports
121.
Texas
1845
Joined US as 28th state
Thomas
Jefferson
Author of the Declaration of Independence
Elected 3rd President of US in 1800
Thomas
Paine
Author of "Common Sense" which was
instrumental in convincing colonists to
support the revolution against Britain
Three-Fifths
Compromise
Slavery: Each slave counts as 3/5 of a person
for taxtation and representation in the house
Trail of
Tears
Forced removal of Cherokee Indians from
their homes to resettle in the west
Treaty of
Paris of 1783
Ends the war!
Britain forced to recognize American
independence
Unalienable
Rights
Rights that cannot be taken away without due
process
Such as: life, liberty, and th pursuit of
happiness
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
122.
to formally approve
Fact: to go into effect, 9 of 13 states had to
ratify the Constitution
Ratify
To approve
Reconstruction
(1865-1877)
Period after Civil War in US when
southern states were reorganized and
reintegrated into the Union
Representative
Government
System of government where citizens are
represented by elected leaders
Republicanism
A system where the people vote for elected
representatives to run the government
123.
124.
125.
108.
109.
110.
126.
127.
128.
Urbanization
Population begins to shift away from farms and into cities
129.
Utah Territory
1850
Established as a territory
Brigham Young becomes Governor
130.
Vicksburg
July 1863
Confederates surrender
Union holds Mississippi River
131.
War of 1812
British attack Washington, D.C.
British retreat from Fort McHenry in Baltimore, MD
Francis Scott Key writes The Star Spangled Banner
Andrew Jackson wins the battle of New Orleans
132.
Washington's Farewell Address
Warned against political parties and forming alliances with foreign countries
133.
William Blackwell
Laws of nature
134.
William Lloyd Garrison
Published the Abolitionist Newspaper- The Liberator
135.
Winter at Valley Forge
Washington struggled to keep the Continental Army together