Download ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What is taxonomy?

ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
What is taxonomy?
TAXONOMY- the science of naming
and classifying organisms based on
their shared characteristics.
Taxonomist - scientists who study
taxonomy
Taxidermist
I.
History of the Classification
System:
Aristotle (344-322
BC)
1. Developed the
first classification
system.
2. Divided organisms
into plants and
animals.
History of Taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus (17071778)
1. Father of the modern
classification system.
2. Developed system based
on physical and structural
similarities.
3. Uses binominal
nomenclature.
Binominal
Nomenclaturesystem of using two
names (Genus and
Species) to name an
organism.
EX: Hystrix indicaIndian Porcupine
II. The Classification System:
• Kingdom
Order
Genus
Phylum
Family
Species
Class
• Kings Play Chess On Folding Glass
Stools
• Kingdom
Order
Genus
Phylum
Family
Species
Class
• Write a sentence that will help you
remember the order of taxons.
Classification of a Human:
Kingdom-Animalia
Phylum- Chordata
(dorsal spinal column)
Chordata
Classification of a Human
Class-Mammalia
(endotherms, have
hair, feed young milk
from mammary
glands)
Order-Primates (large
brain, opposable
thumb, vision is
dominant sense, and
feet can grasp
objects.)
Primates
Family-Hominidae
(erect)
Genus-Homo (man)
Species-sapiens
(intelligence)
Write down everything that you can
think of when you see the following:
Homo sapiens
Convergence Evolution-process by which
unrelated species become similar as they
adapt to similar environments. Exs. Insects
and birds both have wings.
Analogous traits- similar features of organism
that have evolved in dependently. Exs.
Wings
Phylogeny- the evolutionary history of a
species or group of organisms.
Phylogeny is based on: derived
characteristics.
Derived characteristics- unique
characteristics of a particular group of
organisms.
One way to show the relationships of
organisms based on derived
characteristics is through clastiditics
Cladistics – a system that reconstructs
phylogenies by inferring relationships
based on similarities. Used to determine
the sequence in which groups of
organisms evolved.
Clastidics
Cladistics is based on:
• Physiological Traits
• Morphological Traits
• Molecular Traits
• Behavioral Traits
Cladogram - a branching
diagram based on
patterns of derived traits
thought to show the
evolutionary
relationships among a
group of organism.
.