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Non-infectious Disease Non-infectious diseases include: Physical trauma – such as hardware disease, teat injuries, leg abrasions, frozen ears; Poisoning – may be due to: • accidental ingestion of fungicides, herbicides, fertilizer, lead from discarded batteries; • ingestion of mouldy feeds containing mycotoxins; • grazing toxic plant species such as water hemlock, death camus or leafy spurge; • excess intakes of normal dietary nutrients such as selenium, vitamin D or monensin. Genetic disease – an example is Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD) which affects Holstein calves causing stunted growth, pneumonia, delayed wound healing and early death. The mutation affects the ability of the calves to fight infection by interfering with the normal function of neutrophils. Another example is Congenital Vertebral Malformation (CVM) which results in shortened, mishapen or fused vertebrae. Allergies – some individual animals in a population will produce an exaggerated immune response to a particular antigen. A common example is hypersensitivity to penicillin which produces anaphylactic shock in some animals. Metabolic disorders – caused by an alteration in normal biochemical processes in the body. They include milk fever, grass tetany, ketosis, fatty liver syndrome and udder edema. Reproductive disorders – such as cystic ovaries, retained placenta and uterine prolapse may be due to a malfunction in hormonal control, often secondary to another problem such as a difficult calving (dystocia) or infectious disease. source: Dairy Production Primer - Herd Health Management ©2004 Western Dairy Science Inc.