Download 37-3 The Respiratory System

Biology
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37-3 The Respiratory
System
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37-3 The Respiratory System
What Is Respiration?
1. What Is Respiration?
(In biology, respiration means two different things).
a. Cellular respiration: release of energy from
breakdown of food in the presence of oxygen.
b. organism level, respiration: process of gas
exchange—(the release of carbon dioxide and the
uptake of oxygen between the lungs and the
environment.)
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37-3 The Respiratory System
The Human Respiratory System
The Human Respiratory System
What is the function of the respiratory
system?
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37-3 The Respiratory System
The Human Respiratory System
2. function of respiratory system:
exchange of O and CO2 between the
blood, the air, and tissues.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
The Human Respiratory System
3. The respiratory system consists of the:
• nose
• pharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• bronchi
• lungs
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37-3 The Respiratory System
The Human Respiratory System
4. Air entering must be:
a. warmed, moistened, and filtered.
b. Mucus moistens air and traps particles of dust or
smoke.
c. Cilia sweep particles and mucus to the throat.
d. Mucus and particles are either swallowed or spit
out.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
The Human Respiratory System
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Mouth
Trachea
Lungs
Epiglottis
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Diaphragm
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37-3 The Respiratory System
The Human Respiratory System
Pharynx
Nose
(Air enters the nose or
mouth and moves to the
pharynx, or throat.)
5. The pharynx:
passageway for both air
and food.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
(Air moves from the
pharynx into the)
The Human Respiratory System
Trachea
Epiglottis
6. trachea, or windpipe.
a. epiglottis:
flap, covers the
trachea when you
swallow.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
The Human Respiratory System
Larynx
(At the top of the
trachea is)
7. larynx, which
contains vocal cords
(two elastic folds of
tissue)
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37-3 The Respiratory System
(Air then passes
through the trachea
into)
The Human Respiratory System
Lungs
Bronchus
8. bronchi:
two large
passageways lead
into one of the lungs.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
The Human Respiratory System
(In each lung, the)
a. bronchus subdivides
into smaller bronchi,
then into bronchioles.
Bronchioles
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37-3 The Respiratory System
9. Alveoli:
The Human Respiratory System
Alveoli
millions of tiny air sacs.
Bronchiole
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37-3 The Respiratory System
The Human Respiratory System
(Alveoli are grouped in
clusters.
A network of capillaries
surrounds each
alveolus.)
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary
vein
Capillaries
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Gas Exchange
(Gas Exchange
O2
Gas exchange takes
place in the alveoli.
Oxygen diffuses into the
blood.
Capillary
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Gas Exchange
Carbon dioxide in the
blood diffuses into the
alveolus.)
O2
CO2
Capillary
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Breathing
9. Breathing
a. movement of air into and out of the lungs.
b. force that drives air into the lungs comes from
air pressure.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Breathing
a. Chest cavity
lined with
pleural
membranes
10. diaphragm:
large, flat muscle
at bottom of chest
cavity
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Breathing
a. During inhalation,
diaphragm contracts
and rib cage rises up.
*expanding the volume
of the chest cavity.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Breathing
(The chest cavity is sealed, so this creates a
partial vacuum inside the cavity.
Atmospheric pressure fills the lungs as air
rushes into the breathing passages.)
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Breathing
b. exhaling is a passiveAir Exhaled
event.
*rib cage lowers
*diaphragm relaxes,
*pressure in the chest
cavity is greater than
atmospheric pressure.
Rib cage
lowers
*Air is pushed out of the
lungs.
Exhalation
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37-3 The Respiratory System
How Breathing Is Controlled
12. How Breathing Is Controlled
a. by medulla oblongata.
b. monitors carbon dioxide in the blood.
(As carbon dioxide increases, nerve impulses
make the diaphragm contract, bringing air into the
lungs.
The higher the carbon dioxide level, the stronger
the impulses. )
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Tobacco and the Respiratory System
13. Tobacco and the Respiratory System
Tobacco smoke contains 3 dangerous substances
that affect the body:
•
•
•
nicotine
carbon monoxide
tar
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Tobacco and the Respiratory System
14. Effects on Respiratory System
a. Nicotine: stimulant that increases heart rate
and blood pressure.
b. Carbon monoxide: poisonous gas blocks
transport of oxygen by hemoglobin
c. Nicotine & carbon monoxide paralyze cilia.
d. Tar contains compounds that can cause
cancer.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Tobacco and the Respiratory System
Diseases Caused by Smoking
How does smoking affect the respiratory
system?
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Tobacco and the Respiratory System
15. Smoking reduces life expectancy by
causing:.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Tobacco and the Respiratory System
a. chronic bronchitis:
bronchi become swollen and clogged
with mucus.
b. Emphysema: loss of elasticity in lung
tissues.
(People with emphysema cannot get enough oxygen
to the body tissues or rid the body of excess carbon
dioxide.)
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Tobacco and the Respiratory System
c. Lung cancer: deadly, cells can spread to
other locations.
( Smoking is a preventable cause of lung cancer.)
d. also a major cause of heart disease.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Tobacco and the Respiratory System
(Smoking and the Nonsmoker
Passive smoking is damaging to young children
because their lungs are still developing.
Studies show that children of smokers are twice as
likely as children of nonsmokers to develop
respiratory problems.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Tobacco and the Respiratory System
Dealing With Tobacco
The best way to avoid tobacco-related illness is not
to smoke.
If a smoker quits, his or her health can be
improved, and some of the damage can be
reversed. )
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37-3
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37-3
Air passes through the trachea into two large
passageways in the chest cavity known as the
a. bronchi.
b. alveoli.
c. epiglottis.
d. bronchioles.
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37-3
The function of the cilia lining the respiratory surfaces is
to
a. improve the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide
exchanged in the lungs.
b. cover the opening of the trachea when you swallow.
c. move air in and out of the lungs.
d. sweep trapped particles and mucus away from the
lungs.
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Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus into the blood
because
a. blood entering the capillaries of the lungs is
oxygen-poor.
b. blood entering the capillaries of the lungs is
oxygen-rich.
c. air entering the lungs has more carbon
dioxide than oxygen.
d. air entering the lungs has less oxygen than
is found in the blood.
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37-3
A stimulant drug found in tobacco that increases
the heart rate and blood pressure is
a. tar.
b. carbon monoxide.
c. nicotine.
d. carbon dioxide.
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37-3
A respiratory disease that results in the loss of
elasticity in the tissues of the lung is
a. chronic bronchitis.
b. lung cancer.
c. emphysema.
d. pneumonia.
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