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5th Six Weeks Exam Review Guide Questions for your 5th six weeks exam will be taken from these question. Due to the large number of questions, not all of these will be on the exam. The Skeletal and Muscular Systems Questions 19-25 19 Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system? 20 A provide shape Microtubules help provide support for the cell. What body system has the same function? A skeletal system B protection of major organs B digestive system C provide support C circulatory system D transport blood D respiratory system 21 What would happen to your body if you had little or no bone marrow? F Your other systems would make up for it G You would not have enough red blood cells H Nothing would happen to you. J You would not have enough cartilage. 22 One of the functions of the skeletal system in the body is to F circulate blood to all parts of the body. G collect waste products and remove them from the body. H provide a strong framework for the body. J produce enzymes to help digest food. Part of Muscular System Description smooth muscle Found in digestive tract and walls of blood vessels. Acts involuntarily. cardiac muscle Specialized muscle found only in the heart. Acts involuntarily. skeletal muscle Attached to bones to aid movement. Acts voluntarily and involuntarily. tendons Strands of tough connective tissue that connect skeletal muscles to bones. 23 As part of an extended field investigation, Steve made the table above to summarize facts about the muscular system. Based on the information in the table, it can be concluded that A there are three types of muscle B tendons act voluntarily C only skeletal muscle can act involuntarily D not here 24 Why is the biceps classified as a skeletal muscle? F It is attached to bones and is used to move them. G It reacts and tires slowly H It is involuntary J It is found in internal organs 25 How do pairs of skeletal muscles work together? A Both muscles contract at the same time. B Both muscles extend at the same time. C While one muscle in the pair contracts, the other returns to its original length. D One muscle in the pair pulls on the bone, while the second muscle pulls on the first muscle. The Circulatory System Questions 10-18 10 When exercising, the heart pumps more frequently and with greater force. This results in A unlimited endurance. B increased blood flow through the blood vessels. C decreased blood pressure. D flexor muscle activity. Where does blood low in oxygen from the body enter the heart? 12 11 What is the major role of red blood cells in the circulatory system? F carry nutrients and oxygen to body cells G prevent disease and fight infection H carry digestive juices to the stomach J send chemical messages to the nervous system A right atrium B right ventricle C left ventricle D left atrium 13 Which two substances does the blood transport away from body cells? F oxygen and carbon dioxide G carbon dioxide and waste H nutrients and waste J oxygen and nutrients 14 What parts of the blood help fight off disease and heal injuries? A 16 white blood cells and platelets B red blood cells and platelets C white blood cells and red blood cells D white blood cells and plasma 15 Which is not a function of the circulatory system? F carry nutrients and oxygen to body cells G carry carbon dioxide and waste away from the body cells H attack disease-causing bacteria J produce chemicals that control body processes The diagram below shows materials needed for survival being transported inside a plant. Which body system performs this function in humans? A circulatory system B digestive system C excretory system D respiratory system 17 A class was studying human body systems. The students learned about a system that moved oxygen to the cells and contained structures that help the body fight infections. The class was studying the F muscular system G digestive system H circulatory system J endocrine system 18 Different parts of the circulatory system are adapted for different functions. A blood vessel that is very narrow and has thin walls is Most Likely specialized for A storing blood until it is needed B passing materials in blood to the cells C carrying blood over long distances D withstanding high blood pressures The Respiratory System Questions 13-26 USE THIS DIAGRAM TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 13-17 13 14 How does the structure of the alveoli help process 1 in the diagram? A small patterns on the surface of the alveoli correspond with the shapes of CO2 and O2 molecules and allow them to enter B smooth, rounded membranes of the alveoli allow gas molecules to flow in and our freely C the hollow interior of the alveoli has ample space for unlimited gas molecules D thin walls of the alveoli let molecules of CO2 and O2 pass through easily What two body systems are interacting in this diagram? F respiratory-excretory G digestive-circulatory H nervous-endocrine J respiratory-circulatory 15 16 17 Study the diagram carefully. What process is illustrated in the diagram? A photosynthesis B gas exchange C respiration D gas deposition Identify structure 2. F vein G artery H red blood cell J capillary Identify structure 3. A vein B artery C red blood cell D capillary 18 19 20 What is the major role of red blood cells in the circulatory system? F carry nutrients and oxygen to body cells G prevent disease and fight infection H carry digestive juices to the stomach J send chemical messages to the nervous system What is the original source of O2 in the alveoli? A heart B inhaled air C nasal passages D exhaled air What part of a heating and air conditioning system performs a function similar to nasal hairs? F ducts G thermostat H filter J cooling agent 21 22 Which statement best describes the function of this human body system? A breaks down food into nutrients and wastes B supplies O2 to the blood, which in turn delivers O2 to all parts of the body C endocrine and reproductive D nervous and digestive This table shows approximate amounts of gases inhaled and exhaled by humans. What conclusion can you draw from this information? Gas Inhaled Air Exhaled Air nitrogen 78% 78% oxygen 21% 16% carbon dioxide 0.03% 4% F Inhaled air contains less oxygen and more carbon dioxide than exhaled air. G Inhaled air contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide than exhaled air. H Inhaled air contains more oxygen and more carbon dioxide than exhaled air. J Inhaled air contains the same amount of nitrogen and carbon dioxide as exhaled air. 23 This diagram shows one way in which two different body systems interact. Which statement identifies the two body systems that are interacting and describes what is happening. Gases Exchanged alveoli 24 capillaries A The alveoli in the respiratory system and the capillaries in the circulatory system are exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide. B The alveoli in the muscular system and the capillaries of the circulatory system are exchanging oxygen and nitrogen. C The capillaries of the circulatory system and the alveoli of the excretory system are exchanging nitrogen and carbon dioxide. D The capillaries of the circulatory system and the alveoli of the nervous system are exchanging carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Which of the following is NOT a part of the respiratory system? F diaphragm G esophagus H lungs J trachea 25 26 Organisms that require oxygen must first transfer molecules of oxygen from their environment to their cells. In humans, which two systems are directly involved in the transfer of oxygen from the environment to their cells? A circulatory and nervous B respiratory and digestive C digestive and nervous D respiratory and circulatory Which best describes how the heart and lungs work together? F Movement of the lungs helps the heart to pump blood. G The lungs supply oxygen to the blood, which the heart pumps throughout the body. H The heart supplies oxygen to the blood, which the lungs pump throughout the body. J The heart and the lungs work together to help digest food. The Digestive System Questions 27-35 28 What is the primary function of the villi in the small intestine? 27 What two body systems are represented in this diagram? A respiratory and reproductive B muscular and skeletal C digestive and respiratory D circulatory and endocrine F to help blood flow into the veins G to increase nutrient absorption H to decrease water absorption J to help produce vitamin A 29 The mitochondria, the cell membrane, and lysosomes perform the same functions for the cell that the _______ system does for our body. A skeletal B digestive C circulatory D respiratory 30 31 In which organ does almost all absorption take place? F liver G pancreas H small intestine J gall bladder When a person’s body needs food, the brain helps maintain homeostasis by sending signals that make the person A feel hungry. B perspire. C put on a sweater. D feel tired. 32 Mechanical digestion begins with the - 33 F salivary glands G teeth H epiglottis J esophagus Which function is performed primarily by the digestive system? A exchange of gases between the blood and the environment B removing wastes from the body C breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones D transport of nutrients to cells 34 To show students that gravity alone is not the only force that helps move food through the body, the teacher does a headstand and eats a cookie. Which of the following is MOST responsible for moving the food to the teacher’s stomach while upside down? 35 F chewing by teeth G movement of the tongue H squeezing by the esophagus J contraction of the stomach Which of the following phrases describe the function of the digestive system? I. Smooth, muscular tube connects the mouth to the stomach II. Muscular action in the esophagus pushes food to the stomach III. Structures called villi absorb nutrients from food IV. Nutrients are made available to the body’s cells A I and II B II and III C II and IV D III and IV The Integumentary System Questions 12-19 14 One of the body’s primary ways of cooling itself is through the evaporation of moisture from the surface of the skin. Which structure in the dermis is responsible for this cooling? 12 The picture shows a cross section of human skin. Which section is the epidermis? A Q B R C S A hair follicle B dermis C fat cells D sweat gland D T 13 The integumentary system is important for maintaining homeostasis (balance) because it F helps your body excrete waste G ensures that your body temperature remains constant H helps to keep pathogens out J all of the above 15 Which of the following is NOT a part of the integumentary system of the body? F hair G bones H skin J finger and toe nails 16 The largest human body organ which regulates temperature and serves as a barrier against harmful microorganisms belongs to the A circulatory system B nervous system C D 17 18 The cell membrane acts as a covering for the cell. What body system performs the same function? A skeletal system B digestive system C integumentary system D respiratory system digestive system integumentary system The skin helps regulate body temperature by allowing excess heat to escape from the body. It does this by producing sweat. If your body lost the ability to sweat, what could happen to you if you competed at a track meet? F nothing G you would start to shiver H you would overheat J you could win the races easier 19 Sweat glands are found in human skin. These glands release sweat to help the body cool during exercise. What would MOST LIKELY happen during exercise if a person’s sweat glands are NOT functioning? F The body would become overheated. G More sweat would be released. H The upper layer of skin would become thicker. J More hair would grow on the skin. The Excretory System Questions 13-17 13 Two body systems work together to help remove waste products from blood. What are these two systems? 14 Which of the following is NOT an organ of excretion? F the kidneys A circulatory and excretory G the skin B skeletal and digestive H the lungs C circulatory and digestive J the pancreas D muscular and excretory 15 The main function of the excretory system is to A produce enzymes to help digest food B collect and remove waste products from the body C prevent disease and fight infections D carry oxygen and nutrients to the body’s cells 16 Which cell organelle has a similar function to the excretory system? Hint: which organelle helps the cell get rid of waste? F mitochondria G nucleus H lysosome J ribosome 17 The excretory system in the human body has several components. Some of them are identified in the diagram below. What is the relationship between the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder? A They work together to transport blood. B They work independently with specialized functions. C They work together to maintain the chemical balance of blood. D They work as storage organs for fluids to prevent dehydration. The Nervous System Questions 20-26 20 Which of the following is a major characteristic of the central nervous system? A 21 it is composed of the nerves in the head. B It is composed of the spinal nerves. C It is composed of the brain and spinal cord. Which cell organelle performs the same job for the cell that the nervous system does for your body? F cell wall G nucleus H mitochondria J endoplasmic reticulum D It is composed of the synapses in the brain. 22 The above picture shows two neurons. A nerve impulse moves from neuron A to neuron B by - A the release of carbohydrates into the synapse B the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters that help the signal “jump” the synapse C the dendrites that are connected D neuron A hitting against neuron B If a chemical such as alcohol were to block the synapse between these two neurons, what would happen to the person’s level of thought and reaction time? 23 24 F it would increase G it would decrease H it would not change J it would increase for alcohol and decrease for a drug Camille was helping in the kitchen and accidentally grabbed a hot pan. The sentences below explain how three body systems work together to get Camille out of danger. What isthe correct order of these steps. 1. A signal goes to the muscles to contract away from the source of pain. 2. A signal is sent along the nervous system that the hand is in pain. 3. The muscles move the bones in the hand and arm. 4. Nerves in the fingers sense the hot pan. A 2, 1, 3, 4 B 2, 4, 1, 3 C 4, 3, 2, 1 D 4, 2, 1, 3 25 The sense organs send information about the environment to the – F brain G autonomic nervous system H somatic nervous system J 26 What is the function of the axon in a nerve cell? A controls all the activities of the neuron B receives messages from the axon tips C sends messages to the dendrites D carries messages away from the cell body semicircular canals The Endocrine System Questions 4-8 4 6 A produces blood cells B digest food C produces hormones that act as messengers in the body D provide a strong framework for the body The way the endocrine system maintains homeostasis is often compared to a(n) – A violent thunderstorm that startles people and increases their heartbeat. B heating system that turns a furnace on and off to control a room's temperature C monthly cycle that releases an egg from an ovary D period of human development that takes about nine months to be completed The human body has specialized organs which collect and process substances from the blood. The concentrated substances are then secreted as hormones to regulate body processes. These specialized organs are called – 5 One of the functions of the endocrine system in the body is to - 7 F ducts G glands H organelles J nodes Why do hormones cause changes only in specific body organs? F A hormone is carried to a specific location by tiny tubes. G A hormone interacts only with target cells, which fit together with that hormone. H A hormone is produced only in the location where it is needed. J A hormone works only through negative feedback 8 Negative feedback occurs when a system is turned off by the condition it produces. Identify the example of negative feedback A When a hormone travels through the bloodstream, it will interact only with its target cells. B After age 40 or so, people’s muscle strength begins to decrease and their skin starts to wrinkle. C When people are startled by a frightening event, their heart beats faster. D When the amount of a hormone reaches a certain level, the endocrine system stops the release of that hormone. The Reproductive System Questions 4-7 4 Ovaries produce and secrete hormones in addition to eggs. To what human body systems to ovaries belong? A integumentary and reproductive B excretory and muscular C endocrine and reproductive D nervous and digestive 5 Which two systems do the testes and ovaries belong? F the lymphatic and reoroductive systems G the urinary and lymphatic systems H the endocrine and reproductive systems J the nervous and endocrine systems 6 Using the diagrams below, which answer has the correct order of the human reproductive cycle? A L, K, M, N B K, L, M, N C K, M, L, N D L, M, K, N 7 In the female's body, the uterus prepares for the arrival of a fertilized egg during F homeostasis G labor and delivery H pregnancy J the menstrual cycle Elements and Compounds Power Point Questions Questions 19-26 Benedicts solution is used to test for simple sugars. The clear blue solution was discovered by American chemist Stanley Rossiter Benedict. When Bendedict’s solution is added to a liquid and heated, the blue solution will change to green, yellow or brick red, depending on the amount of sugar and length of time the solution was heated. If no sugar is present, the solution remains blue. 19 What equipment is necessary when testing for the presence of sugar? A thermometer, litmus paper, water, hot plate B beaker, tongs, hot plate, water C funnel, beaker, water D microscope, dropper, slide, heat shield 20 What safety precautions should be observed when testing for the presence of sugar? (there are 2, circle them) Magnesium (Mg) is a silvery white metal and is the eighth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. It is also the fourth most abundant mineral in the human body, essential for healthy nerve and bone functions. Magnesium oxide (MgO) has man uses. It is used in medicines for heartburn relief, in fireworks and fertilizers, and is added to concrete to absorb moisture. Hayden’s teacher produced small amount of magnesium oxide during a classroom demonstration by attaching a thin strip of magnesium ribbon to a ring stand and igniting the ribbon with a lighter. She did not look at the intense bright light to avoid possible eye damage from the ultraviolet light. After several seconds, the magnesium strip burned through the entire length, leaving a white powdery substance behind. 21 22 Which properties of magnesium make it desirable for use in fireworks? F Magnesium is flammable and produces an extremely bright light when ignited G Magnesium absorbs moisture from the air as it burns, thus reducing the potential for fires. H Magnesium is slow burning and produces long-lasting flashes of light. J Magnesium powder that falls to the ground after a fireworks display is a beneficial plant fertilizer The chemical change in this 23 What laboratory equipment is demonstration is MOST SIMILAR essential for this demonstration? to_____________________________. F stop watch A freezing water on the surface of a pond during winter. G thermometer B sunlight fading colors on clothes H balance C burning wood in a campfire J safety goggles D shattering a windshield during a hail storm 24 What are the four elements needed by plants and animals in the manufacture of protein? A 25 carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, helium B carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium C carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, potassium D carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen 26 Acetic acid is a compound found in vinegar. The chemical formula for acetic acid is CH3COOH. How many different elements are in acetic acid? F 3 G 6 H 9 J 14 What substance could be represented by the “X” in the diagram below? carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen DNA fats organic compounds proteins A carbohydrates B ozone C carbon dioxide D water X Elements of Life Power Point Questions Questions 25-30 25 Which element is found in abundance in the human body, but is not found in abundance in the Earth? A oxygen B carbon C calcium D silicon 27 Which element has the ability to form straight chains, branched chains, and rings because its atoms can form four covalent bonds. A carbon B hydrogen C nitrogen D oxygen 26 Which element is found in abundance, in both the human body and in the Earth? F oxygen G carbon H calcium J silicon 28 Which of the following is an organic compound that provides the basic form of fuel (energy) to living cells? F glucose G water H sodium chloride J oxygen gas 29 Scientists found four areas around a hydrothermal vent that they thought could support life. The scientists took samples of the elements in the area? Area Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area 4 Elements in the Area sulfur, hydrogen and plutonium carbon, hydrogen oxygen, helium, calcium nitrogen, potassium, xeon Based on the data table, which area would have the BEST chance at having organic compounds? 30 A Area 1 B Area 2 C Area 3 D Area 4 Corn is an organic compound. What are the main elements found in corn? F carbon, sulfur, calcium G carbon, magnesium, nitrogen H carbon, nitrogen, sodium J carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Physical and Chemical Changes Power Point Questions Questions 25-31 25 One example of a physical change is A burning paper. B baking cookies. C the rusting of iron. D mixing a milkshake. 26 Janet eats a slice of pizza for dinner. What represents a physical change in the pizza? F Saliva changing the starch in the pizza crust to sugar. G Teeth tearing off a bite of pizza. H Chemicals in the stomach digesting proteins. J Breaking down of fats in the pizza by bile from the liver. Use the information below to answer the following questions chemical change physical change I Chewing and mixing of food with saliva II Movement of food through peristalsis III Reaction of food with hydrochloric acid IV Interaction of food with bile 27 Which belongs in the left hand circle? A II only 28 Which of the following digestive processes will be found in the middle of the Venn diagram? B I, III, IV F I C III, IV G II D IV only H III J IV 29 When 10 grams of sugar dissolve in a beaker of hot water, the resulting solution represents a – A chemical, irreversible change. B physical, irreversible change. C chemical, reversible change. D physical, reversible change. 31 Which of the following describes a physical change which occur during the digestive process? A the partial breakdown of food in the mouth by the saliva B the breakdown of carbohydrates in the stomach by hydrochloric acid C the changing of large fat globules into smaller, simpler substances by the liver D the change in shape of food as it is chewed 30 Which step in the digestive process represents a chemical change in food? F storing of swallowed food in the stomach G churning of food, liquids, and digestive juices in the stomach. H movement of food down the esophagus to the stomach J substances in the mouth and stomach breaking down fats and proteins. Transformation of Energy Through Digestion Questions 6-11 6 8 A chemical, mechanical, thermal Animals are consumers, meaning they need to eat food for energy, because they can’t make their own. What energy transformation is taking place when an animal eats food so they can keep warm? B radiant, thermal, mechanical F mechanical to thermal C heat, mechanical, thermal G mechanical to radiant D mechanical, thermal, chemical H chemical to thermal J radiant to chemical Energy stored in foods is _____; digested food releases ________ energy for movement and _____ energy as heat. Digestion is a A reversible change of food B physical change of food only C chemical change of food only D chemical and physical change of food 7 9 What kind of energy is stored in food? F thermal G chemical H mechanical J electrical 10 When a person eats too much food, they store the extra energy as fat. What type of energy conversion is going on in the body as energy from food is turned into fat? A mechanical to thermal B chemical to chemical C thermal to chemical D thermal to radiant 11 Which step in the digestive process represents a chemical change in food? F storing of swallowed food in the stomach. G churning of food, liquids and digestive juices in the stomach. H movement of food down the esophagus to the stomach. J substances in the mouth and stomach breaking down fats and proteins. Glucose Model Questions 6-9 6 7 Which enzyme located in the mouth and small intestine helps to break down carbohydrates? 8 Identify organs involved in breaking down carbohydrates into sugars. F lipase F pancreas, mouth, stomach G amylase G large intestine, kidney, bladder H lactose H mouth, trachea, stomach J glucose J tongue, diaphragm, lungs What kind of change results from the breakdown of starch into glucose by saliva? A mechanical B physical C chemical D cyclical 9 Carbohydrates are large, complex molecules that can be broken down into smaller molecules called ____________. A fats B energy C vitamins D sugars