Download The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

5th Six Weeks Exam Review Guide
Questions for your 5th six weeks exam will be taken from these
question. Due to the large number of questions, not all of these will be
on the exam.
The Skeletal and Muscular Systems
Questions 19-25
19
Which of the following is not a
function of the skeletal system?
20
A provide shape
Microtubules help provide
support for the cell. What body
system has the same function?
A skeletal system
B protection of major organs
B digestive system
C provide support
C circulatory system
D transport blood
D respiratory system
21
What would happen to your
body if you had little or no bone
marrow?
F Your other systems would
make up for it
G You would not have enough
red blood cells
H Nothing would happen to
you.
J You would not have enough
cartilage.
22
One of the functions of the
skeletal system in the body is to
F circulate blood to all parts of
the body.
G collect waste products and
remove them from the body.
H provide a strong framework
for the body.
J produce enzymes to help
digest food.
Part of Muscular
System
Description
smooth muscle
Found in digestive tract and walls of blood
vessels. Acts involuntarily.
cardiac muscle
Specialized muscle found only in the heart.
Acts involuntarily.
skeletal muscle
Attached to bones to aid movement. Acts
voluntarily and involuntarily.
tendons
Strands of tough connective tissue that
connect skeletal muscles to bones.
23
As part of an extended field investigation, Steve made the table
above to summarize facts about the muscular system. Based on the
information in the table, it can be concluded that
A there are three types of muscle
B tendons act voluntarily
C only skeletal muscle can act involuntarily
D not here
24 Why is the biceps classified as a
skeletal muscle?
F It is attached to bones and is
used to move them.
G It reacts and tires slowly
H It is involuntary
J It is found in internal organs
25 How do pairs of skeletal muscles work
together?
A Both muscles contract at the same
time.
B Both muscles extend at the same
time.
C While one muscle in the pair
contracts, the other returns to its
original length.
D One muscle in the pair pulls on the
bone, while the second muscle pulls
on the first muscle.
The Circulatory System
Questions 10-18
10 When exercising, the heart
pumps more frequently and
with greater force. This results in
A
unlimited endurance.
B
increased blood flow through
the blood vessels.
C
decreased blood pressure.
D
flexor muscle activity.
Where does blood low in oxygen
from the body enter the heart?
12
11 What is the major role of red
blood cells in the circulatory
system?
F
carry nutrients and oxygen
to body cells
G
prevent disease and fight
infection
H
carry digestive juices to the
stomach
J
send chemical messages to
the nervous system
A
right atrium
B
right ventricle
C
left ventricle
D
left atrium
13 Which two substances does the
blood transport away from body
cells?
F
oxygen and carbon dioxide
G
carbon dioxide and waste
H
nutrients and waste
J
oxygen and nutrients
14
What parts of the blood help
fight off disease and heal
injuries?
A
16
white blood cells and
platelets
B
red blood cells and platelets
C
white blood cells and red
blood cells
D
white blood cells and plasma
15 Which is not a function of the
circulatory system?
F
carry nutrients and oxygen
to body cells
G
carry carbon dioxide and
waste away from the body
cells
H
attack disease-causing
bacteria
J
produce chemicals that
control body processes
The diagram below shows materials needed for survival being transported
inside a plant. Which body system performs this function in humans?
A
circulatory system
B
digestive system
C
excretory system
D
respiratory system
17
A class was studying human
body systems. The students
learned about a system that
moved oxygen to the cells and
contained structures that help
the body fight infections. The
class was studying the F
muscular system
G
digestive system
H circulatory system
J
endocrine system
18
Different parts of the circulatory
system are adapted for different
functions. A blood vessel that is
very narrow and has thin walls is
Most Likely specialized for A
storing blood until it is
needed
B
passing materials in blood to
the cells
C
carrying blood over long
distances
D
withstanding high blood
pressures
The Respiratory System
Questions 13-26
USE THIS DIAGRAM TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 13-17
13
14
How does the structure of the alveoli help process 1 in the diagram?
A
small patterns on the surface of the alveoli correspond with the shapes
of CO2 and O2 molecules and allow them to enter
B
smooth, rounded membranes of the alveoli allow gas molecules to flow
in and our freely
C
the hollow interior of the alveoli has ample space for unlimited gas
molecules
D
thin walls of the alveoli let molecules of CO2 and O2 pass through easily
What two body systems are interacting in this diagram?
F
respiratory-excretory
G
digestive-circulatory
H
nervous-endocrine
J
respiratory-circulatory
15
16
17
Study the diagram carefully.
What process is illustrated in the
diagram?
A
photosynthesis
B
gas exchange
C
respiration
D
gas deposition
Identify structure 2.
F
vein
G
artery
H
red blood cell
J
capillary
Identify structure 3.
A
vein
B
artery
C
red blood cell
D
capillary
18
19
20
What is the major role of red
blood cells in the circulatory
system?
F
carry nutrients and oxygen
to body cells
G
prevent disease and fight
infection
H
carry digestive juices to the
stomach
J
send chemical messages to
the nervous system
What is the original source of O2
in the alveoli?
A
heart
B
inhaled air
C
nasal passages
D
exhaled air
What part of a heating and air
conditioning system performs a
function similar to nasal hairs?
F
ducts
G
thermostat
H
filter
J
cooling agent
21
22
Which statement best describes the function of this human body system?
A
breaks down food into nutrients and wastes
B
supplies O2 to the blood, which in turn delivers O2 to all parts of the
body
C
endocrine and reproductive
D
nervous and digestive
This table shows approximate amounts of gases inhaled and exhaled by
humans. What conclusion can you draw from this information?
Gas
Inhaled Air
Exhaled Air
nitrogen
78%
78%
oxygen
21%
16%
carbon dioxide
0.03%
4%
F
Inhaled air contains less oxygen and more carbon dioxide than exhaled
air.
G
Inhaled air contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide than exhaled
air.
H
Inhaled air contains more oxygen and more carbon dioxide than
exhaled air.
J
Inhaled air contains the same amount of nitrogen and carbon dioxide
as exhaled air.
23
This diagram shows one way in which two different body systems interact.
Which statement identifies the two body systems that are interacting and
describes what is happening.
Gases Exchanged
alveoli
24
capillaries
A
The alveoli in the respiratory system and the capillaries in the
circulatory system are exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B
The alveoli in the muscular system and the capillaries of the circulatory
system are exchanging oxygen and nitrogen.
C
The capillaries of the circulatory system and the alveoli of the excretory
system are exchanging nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
D
The capillaries of the circulatory system and the alveoli of the nervous
system are exchanging carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
Which of the following is NOT a
part of the respiratory system?
F
diaphragm
G
esophagus
H
lungs
J
trachea
25
26
Organisms that require oxygen must first transfer molecules of oxygen
from their environment to their cells. In humans, which two systems are
directly involved in the transfer of oxygen from the environment to their
cells?
A
circulatory and nervous
B
respiratory and digestive
C
digestive and nervous
D
respiratory and circulatory
Which best describes how the heart and lungs work together?
F
Movement of the lungs helps the heart to pump blood.
G
The lungs supply oxygen to the blood, which the heart pumps
throughout the body.
H
The heart supplies oxygen to the blood, which the lungs pump
throughout the body.
J
The heart and the lungs work together to help digest food.
The Digestive System
Questions 27-35
28 What is the primary function of
the villi in the small intestine?
27
What two body systems are
represented in this diagram?
A
respiratory and reproductive
B
muscular and skeletal
C
digestive and respiratory
D
circulatory and endocrine
F
to help blood flow into the
veins
G
to increase nutrient
absorption
H
to decrease water absorption
J
to help produce vitamin A
29 The mitochondria, the cell
membrane, and lysosomes
perform the same functions for
the cell that the _______
system does for our body.
A
skeletal
B
digestive
C
circulatory
D
respiratory
30
31
In which organ does almost all
absorption take place?
F
liver
G
pancreas
H
small intestine
J
gall bladder
When a person’s body needs
food, the brain helps maintain
homeostasis by sending signals
that make the person
A
feel hungry.
B
perspire.
C
put on a sweater.
D
feel tired.
32 Mechanical digestion begins with
the -
33
F
salivary glands
G
teeth
H
epiglottis
J
esophagus
Which function is performed
primarily by the digestive
system?
A
exchange of gases between
the blood and the
environment
B
removing wastes from the
body
C
breakdown of large
molecules into smaller ones
D
transport of nutrients to cells
34
To show students that gravity alone is not the only force that helps move
food through the body, the teacher does a headstand and eats a cookie.
Which of the following is MOST responsible for moving the food to the
teacher’s stomach while upside down?
35
F
chewing by teeth
G
movement of the tongue
H
squeezing by the esophagus
J
contraction of the stomach
Which of the following phrases describe the function of the digestive
system?
I. Smooth, muscular tube connects the mouth to the stomach
II. Muscular action in the esophagus pushes food to the stomach
III. Structures called villi absorb nutrients from food
IV. Nutrients are made available to the body’s cells
A
I and II
B
II and III
C
II and IV
D
III and IV
The Integumentary System
Questions 12-19
14 One of the body’s primary ways
of cooling itself is through the
evaporation of moisture from the
surface of the skin. Which
structure in the dermis is
responsible for this cooling?
12
The picture shows a cross
section of human skin. Which
section is the epidermis?
A
Q
B
R
C
S
A
hair follicle
B
dermis
C
fat cells
D
sweat gland
D T
13 The integumentary system is
important for maintaining
homeostasis (balance) because
it
F
helps your body excrete
waste
G
ensures that your body
temperature remains
constant
H
helps to keep pathogens out
J
all of the above
15 Which of the following is NOT a
part of the integumentary
system of the body?
F
hair
G
bones
H
skin
J
finger and toe nails
16 The largest human body organ
which regulates temperature and
serves as a barrier against
harmful microorganisms
belongs to the A
circulatory system
B
nervous system
C
D
17
18 The cell membrane acts as a
covering for the cell. What body
system performs the same
function?
A
skeletal system
B
digestive system
C
integumentary system
D
respiratory system
digestive system
integumentary system
The skin helps regulate body
temperature by allowing excess
heat to escape from the body. It
does this by producing sweat. If
your body lost the ability to
sweat, what could happen to you
if you competed at a track meet?
F
nothing
G
you would start to shiver
H
you would overheat
J
you could win the races
easier
19 Sweat glands are found in
human skin. These glands
release sweat to help the body
cool during exercise. What would
MOST LIKELY happen during
exercise if a person’s sweat
glands are NOT functioning?
F
The body would become
overheated.
G
More sweat would be
released.
H
The upper layer of skin
would become thicker.
J
More hair would grow on the
skin.
The Excretory System
Questions 13-17
13
Two body systems work together
to help remove waste products
from blood. What are these two
systems?
14
Which of the following is NOT an
organ of excretion?
F
the kidneys
A
circulatory and excretory
G
the skin
B
skeletal and digestive
H
the lungs
C
circulatory and digestive
J
the pancreas
D
muscular and excretory
15 The main function of the
excretory system is to A
produce enzymes to help
digest food
B
collect and remove waste
products from the body
C
prevent disease and fight
infections
D carry oxygen and nutrients
to the body’s cells
16 Which cell organelle has a
similar function to the excretory
system? Hint: which organelle
helps the cell get rid of waste?
F
mitochondria
G
nucleus
H
lysosome
J
ribosome
17
The excretory system in the human body has several components. Some
of them are identified in the diagram below.
What is the relationship between the kidneys, ureters, and urinary
bladder?
A
They work together to transport blood.
B
They work independently with specialized functions.
C
They work together to maintain the chemical balance of blood.
D
They work as storage organs for fluids to prevent dehydration.
The Nervous System
Questions 20-26
20
Which of the following is a major
characteristic of the central
nervous system?
A
21
it is composed of the nerves
in the head.
B
It is composed of the spinal
nerves.
C
It is composed of the brain
and spinal cord.
Which cell organelle performs
the same job for the cell that the
nervous system does for your
body?
F
cell wall
G
nucleus
H mitochondria
J
endoplasmic reticulum
D It is composed of the
synapses in the brain.
22
The above picture shows two neurons. A nerve impulse moves from neuron
A to neuron B by -
A
the release of carbohydrates into the synapse
B
the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters that help the signal
“jump” the synapse
C
the dendrites that are connected
D
neuron A hitting against neuron B
If a chemical such as alcohol were to block the synapse between these two
neurons, what would happen to the person’s level of thought and reaction
time?
23
24
F
it would increase
G
it would decrease
H
it would not change
J
it would increase for alcohol and decrease for a drug
Camille was helping in the kitchen and accidentally grabbed a hot pan. The
sentences below explain how three body systems work together to get
Camille out of danger. What isthe correct order of these steps.
1. A signal goes to the muscles to contract away from the
source of pain.
2. A signal is sent along the nervous system that the hand is
in pain.
3. The muscles move the bones in the hand and arm.
4. Nerves in the fingers sense the hot pan.
A
2, 1, 3, 4
B
2, 4, 1, 3
C
4, 3, 2, 1
D
4, 2, 1, 3
25
The sense organs send
information about the
environment to the –
F
brain
G
autonomic nervous system
H somatic nervous system
J
26 What is the function of the axon
in a nerve cell?
A
controls all the activities of
the neuron
B
receives messages from the
axon tips
C
sends messages to the
dendrites
D
carries messages away from
the cell body
semicircular canals
The Endocrine System
Questions 4-8
4
6
A
produces blood cells
B
digest food
C
produces hormones that act
as messengers in the body
D
provide a strong framework
for the body
The way the endocrine system
maintains homeostasis is often
compared to a(n) –
A
violent thunderstorm that
startles people and increases
their heartbeat.
B
heating system that turns a
furnace on and off to control
a room's temperature
C
monthly cycle that releases
an egg from an ovary
D
period of human
development that takes
about nine months to
be completed
The human body has specialized
organs which collect and process
substances from the blood. The
concentrated substances are
then secreted as hormones to
regulate body processes.
These specialized organs are
called –
5
One of the functions of the
endocrine system in the body is
to -
7
F
ducts
G
glands
H
organelles
J
nodes
Why do hormones cause changes
only in specific body organs?
F
A hormone is carried to a
specific location by tiny
tubes.
G
A hormone interacts only
with target cells, which fit
together with that hormone.
H
A hormone is produced only
in the location where it is
needed.
J
A hormone works only
through negative feedback
8
Negative feedback occurs when a system is turned off by the condition it
produces. Identify the example of negative feedback
A
When a hormone travels through the bloodstream, it will interact only
with its target cells.
B
After age 40 or so, people’s muscle strength begins to decrease and
their skin starts to wrinkle.
C
When people are startled by a frightening event, their heart beats
faster.
D
When the amount of a hormone reaches a certain level, the endocrine
system stops the release of that hormone.
The Reproductive System
Questions 4-7
4
Ovaries produce and secrete
hormones in addition to eggs. To
what human body systems to
ovaries belong?
A
integumentary and
reproductive
B
excretory and muscular
C
endocrine and reproductive
D
nervous and digestive
5
Which two systems do the
testes and ovaries belong?
F
the lymphatic and
reoroductive systems
G
the urinary and lymphatic
systems
H
the endocrine and
reproductive systems
J
the nervous and endocrine
systems
6 Using the diagrams below, which answer has the correct order of the
human reproductive cycle?
A L, K, M, N
B K, L, M, N
C K, M, L, N
D L, M, K, N
7
In the female's body, the uterus
prepares for the arrival of a
fertilized egg during F
homeostasis
G
labor and delivery
H
pregnancy
J
the menstrual cycle
Elements and Compounds Power Point Questions
Questions 19-26
Benedicts solution is used to test for simple sugars. The clear blue solution
was discovered by American chemist Stanley Rossiter Benedict. When
Bendedict’s solution is added to a liquid and heated, the blue solution will
change to green, yellow or brick red, depending on the amount of sugar and
length of time the solution was heated. If no sugar is present, the solution
remains blue.
19 What equipment is necessary when testing for the presence of sugar?
A
thermometer, litmus paper, water, hot plate
B
beaker, tongs, hot plate, water
C
funnel, beaker, water
D
microscope, dropper, slide, heat shield
20 What safety precautions should be observed when testing for the
presence of sugar? (there are 2, circle them)
Magnesium (Mg) is a silvery white metal and is the eighth most abundant
element in the Earth’s crust. It is also the fourth most abundant mineral in
the human body, essential for healthy nerve and bone functions.
Magnesium oxide (MgO) has man uses. It is used in medicines for
heartburn relief, in fireworks and fertilizers, and is added to concrete to
absorb moisture.
Hayden’s teacher produced small amount of magnesium oxide during a
classroom demonstration by attaching a thin strip of magnesium ribbon to
a ring stand and igniting the ribbon with a lighter. She did not look at the
intense bright light to avoid possible eye damage from the ultraviolet light.
After several seconds, the magnesium strip burned through the entire
length, leaving a white powdery substance behind.
21
22
Which properties of magnesium make it desirable for use in fireworks?
F
Magnesium is flammable and produces an extremely bright light when
ignited
G
Magnesium absorbs moisture from the air as it burns, thus reducing
the potential for fires.
H
Magnesium is slow burning and produces long-lasting flashes of light.
J
Magnesium powder that falls to the ground after a fireworks display is
a beneficial plant fertilizer
The chemical change in this
23 What laboratory equipment is
demonstration is MOST SIMILAR
essential for this demonstration?
to_____________________________.
F stop watch
A freezing water on the surface of
a pond during winter.
G thermometer
B
sunlight fading colors on clothes
H
balance
C
burning wood in a campfire
J
safety goggles
D
shattering a windshield during a
hail storm
24
What are the four elements
needed by plants and animals in
the manufacture of protein?
A
25
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen,
helium
B
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen,
sodium
C
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
potassium
D carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen
26
Acetic acid is a compound found
in vinegar. The chemical formula
for acetic acid is CH3COOH. How
many different elements are in
acetic acid?
F
3
G
6
H
9
J
14
What substance could be represented by the “X” in the diagram below?
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
DNA
fats
organic
compounds
proteins
A
carbohydrates
B
ozone
C
carbon dioxide
D
water
X
Elements of Life Power Point Questions
Questions 25-30
25 Which element is found in
abundance in the human body,
but is not found in abundance in
the Earth?
A
oxygen
B
carbon
C
calcium
D
silicon
27 Which element has the ability to
form straight chains, branched
chains, and rings because its
atoms can form four covalent
bonds.
A
carbon
B
hydrogen
C
nitrogen
D
oxygen
26 Which element is found in
abundance, in both the human
body and in the Earth?
F
oxygen
G
carbon
H
calcium
J
silicon
28 Which of the following is an
organic compound that provides
the basic form of fuel (energy)
to living cells?
F
glucose
G
water
H
sodium chloride
J
oxygen gas
29
Scientists found four areas around a hydrothermal vent that they thought could
support life. The scientists took samples of the elements in the area?
Area
Area 1
Area 2
Area 3
Area 4
Elements in the Area
sulfur, hydrogen and plutonium
carbon, hydrogen
oxygen, helium, calcium
nitrogen, potassium, xeon
Based on the data table, which area would have the BEST chance at having
organic compounds?
30
A
Area 1
B
Area 2
C
Area 3
D
Area 4
Corn is an organic compound.
What are the main elements
found in corn?
F
carbon, sulfur, calcium
G
carbon, magnesium, nitrogen
H
carbon, nitrogen, sodium
J
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Physical and Chemical Changes Power Point Questions
Questions 25-31
25
One example of a physical change is
A
burning paper.
B
baking cookies.
C
the rusting of iron.
D
mixing a milkshake.
26
Janet eats a slice of pizza for
dinner. What represents a physical
change in the pizza?
F
Saliva changing the starch in
the pizza crust to sugar.
G
Teeth tearing off a bite of pizza.
H
Chemicals in the stomach
digesting proteins.
J
Breaking down of fats in the
pizza by bile from the liver.
Use the information below to answer the following questions
chemical
change
physical
change
I
Chewing and mixing of food with saliva
II Movement of food through peristalsis
III Reaction of food with hydrochloric acid
IV Interaction of food with bile
27
Which belongs in the left hand
circle?
A II only
28
Which of the following digestive
processes will be found in the
middle of the Venn diagram?
B
I, III, IV
F
I
C
III, IV
G
II
D
IV only
H
III
J
IV
29
When 10 grams of sugar dissolve in
a beaker of hot water, the resulting
solution represents a –
A
chemical, irreversible change.
B
physical, irreversible change.
C
chemical, reversible change.
D
physical, reversible change.
31
Which of the following describes a
physical change which occur during
the digestive process?
A
the partial breakdown of food in
the mouth by the saliva
B
the breakdown of carbohydrates
in the stomach by hydrochloric
acid
C
the changing of large fat
globules into smaller, simpler
substances by the liver
D
the change in shape of food as
it is chewed
30
Which step in the digestive process
represents a chemical change in
food?
F
storing of swallowed food in the
stomach
G
churning of food, liquids, and
digestive juices in the stomach.
H
movement of food down the
esophagus to the stomach
J
substances in the mouth and
stomach breaking down fats
and proteins.
Transformation of Energy Through Digestion
Questions 6-11
6
8
A
chemical, mechanical,
thermal
Animals are consumers, meaning
they need to eat food for energy,
because they can’t make their
own. What energy
transformation is taking place
when an animal eats food so
they can keep warm?
B
radiant, thermal, mechanical
F
mechanical to thermal
C
heat, mechanical, thermal
G
mechanical to radiant
D
mechanical, thermal,
chemical
H
chemical to thermal
J
radiant to chemical
Energy stored in foods is _____;
digested food releases ________
energy for movement and _____
energy as heat.
Digestion is a A
reversible change of food
B
physical change of food only
C
chemical change of food only
D
chemical and physical change
of food
7
9
What kind of energy is stored in
food?
F
thermal
G
chemical
H
mechanical
J
electrical
10
When a person eats too much
food, they store the extra
energy as fat. What type of
energy conversion is going on in
the body as energy from food is
turned into fat?
A
mechanical to thermal
B
chemical to chemical
C
thermal to chemical
D
thermal to radiant
11 Which step in the digestive
process represents a chemical
change in food?
F
storing of swallowed food in
the stomach.
G
churning of food, liquids and
digestive juices in the
stomach.
H
movement of food down the
esophagus to the stomach.
J
substances in the mouth and
stomach breaking down fats
and proteins.
Glucose Model
Questions 6-9
6
7
Which enzyme located in the
mouth and small intestine helps
to break down carbohydrates?
8
Identify organs involved in
breaking down carbohydrates
into sugars.
F
lipase
F
pancreas, mouth, stomach
G
amylase
G
large intestine, kidney,
bladder
H
lactose
H
mouth, trachea, stomach
J
glucose
J
tongue, diaphragm, lungs
What kind of change results from
the breakdown of starch into
glucose by saliva?
A
mechanical
B
physical
C
chemical
D
cyclical
9
Carbohydrates are large,
complex molecules that can be
broken down into smaller
molecules called ____________.
A
fats
B
energy
C
vitamins
D
sugars