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Chapter 7 Viruses and Bacteria
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Why are viruses like parasites?
a. They harm the cells they enter.
b. They multiply.
c. They use their own energy to develop.
d. They make their own food.
2. What characteristic of viruses makes them useful in gene therapy?
a. their ability to enter cells
b. their ability to remain inactive for a long time
c. their inability to multiply in cells
d. their inability to take over the functions of host cells
3. Which of the following is found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells?
a. cell membrane
b. nucleus
c. genetic material or ribosomes
d. flagella
4. What process results in genetically different bacteria?
a. binary fission
b. respiration
c. conjugation
d. asexual reproduction
5. Endospores form during
a. binary fission.
b. sunlight hours.
c. respiration.
d. harsh environmental conditions.
6. Which of the following is an example of indirect contact that spreads some infectious diseases?
a. touching an infected person
b. animal bites
c. hugging an infected person
d. inhaling infected drops of moisture
7. Which infectious disease is NOT transmitted by an animal bite?
a. West Nile Virus
b. Rabies
c. E-Coli
d. Lyme disease
8. The best treatment for most viral infections is
a. an over-the-counter medication.
b. a vaccine after you are sick.
c. an antibiotic.
d. bed rest.
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9. How does a vaccine work?
a. It activates the body’s natural defenses.
b. It weakens the cell walls of bacteria, causing the cells to burst.
c. It treats the symptoms of an infection.
d. It attacks antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
10. Binary fission is the bacterial process of
a. asexual reproduction.
b. obtaining food.
c. producing energy.
d. forming endospores.
11. Viruses are considered to be nonliving because they
a. cannot multiply.
b. use energy to grow.
c. are smaller than bacteria.
d. do not show all the characteristics of life like eating.
12. The process of breaking down food to release its energy is called
a. conjugation.
b. respiration.
c. binary fission.
d. nutrition.
13. Heterotrophic bacteria obtain food by
a. capturing the sun’s energy.
b. using the energy from chemicals in their environment.
c. consuming autotrophs and other heterotrophs.
d. helping autotrophs make food.
14. What directly provides energy for a virus?
a. food
b. its host
c. the sun
d. a parasite
15. Which statement about a virus’s coat is NOT true?
a. It protects the virus.
b. It contains protein.
c. It contains genetic material.
d. It helps the virus attach to its host.
16. The term “antibiotic resistant” refers to bacteria that
a. are resistant to a vaccine.
b. survive in the presence of an antibiotic.
c. are weakened and destroyed by antibiotics.
d. are dead or altered.
17. Which disease can be contracted by inhaling infected droplets?
a. tetanus
b. rabies
c. flu
d. Lyme disease
18. Many bacterial diseases can be cured using
a. toxins.
b. endospores.
c. viruses.
d. antibiotics.
____ 19. You have a cold, but your doctor will not give you an antibiotic, because
a. antibiotics do not kill viruses.
b. colds are not infectious.
c. antibiotics make colds worse.
d. antibiotics provide bacteria with food.
____ 20. Which of the following stimulates a person’s body to produce chemicals that destroy viruses or bacteria?
a. antibiotic
b. vaccine
c. toxin
d. endospore
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 21. The inner core of a virus contains genetic material. _________________________
____ 22. Unlike the cells of eukaryotes, the cells of prokaryotes do not have cytoplasm. _________________________
____ 23. The cell membrane is the outermost structure of most bacterial cells. _________________________
____ 24. Binary fission occurs when a bacteria transfers some of its genetic material to another bacteria.
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____ 25. The bacteria that cause Lyme disease are transmitted through tick bites. _________________________
____ 26. Vaccines such as penicillin are chemicals that can kill bacteria. _________________________
Completion
Complete each statement.
27. A virus can multiply only when it is inside a living ____________________.
28. Although viruses are nonliving, they are ____________________ because they use and need the cells in
which they multiply.
29. The shape and combination of the ____________________ on a virus’s coat allows the virus to attach to
certain cells.
30. A virus that begins to multiply immediately after it enters a cell is called a(n) ____________________ virus.
31. Some bacteria move by using a long, whiplike structure called a(n) ____________________.
32. Bacteria are called ____________________ because their genetic material is not contained in nuclei.
33. Some bacteria are called ____________________ because they break down large chemicals in dead
organisms into small chemicals.
34. When bacteria reproduce by ____________________, one cell divides to form two identical cells.
35. Illnesses that pass from one organism to another are called ____________________ diseases.
36. Some bacteria cause diseases by producing poisons known as ____________________.
37. A(n) ____________________ is a substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies and white blood
cells that destroy viruses or bacteria.
38. The ability to ____________________ is the only characteristic that viruses share with living organisms.
39. Bacteria that survive in the presence of an antibiotic are said to be ____________________ to the antibiotic.
40. A virus that uses bacteria as a host is called a/an ____________________.
Essay
41. Draw and label the basic structures of viruses and explain their roles.
42. How do bacterial cells differ from the cells of eukaryotes?
43. What is an endospore and what is its role in a bacterium?
44. Some people believe that taking antibiotics will help them recover more quickly when they have the flu.
Explain what is wrong with this reasoning.