Download Notes: Biotechnology

Name: ________________________________________Date: _______________Period: ______ NOTES Notes: Biotechnology What is Biotechnology? •
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How does microbiology affect us? •
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___________________ is essential to science for such purposes as _________ collection and treatment, measurement, data _____________________ and storage, computation, and _________________________of information. Biotechnology is the use of ___________________________________ to solve problems and make _____________ products. – Domesticating ___________ plants and ____________ animals through selective breeding, and using _____________ to make bread rise and produce wine are examples of _______________________ biotechnology. – _________ biotechnology involves the use of ____________ cells and their molecules to solve _________________ and make useful ____________________. Biotechnology is not just _________ technology, but __________. There are three __________ kinds of biotechnology ____________: – working with _____________ – working with _______________ – working with _____________ Many ________________ are finding uses for the new tools provided by biotechnology. The ________________________ industry is developing better ways to diagnose, ___________, and _______________ disease. Antibiotics, antivirals, and other medications are the result of biotechnology. The ___________ and agriculture industries are rapidly adopting the ______ of biotechnology. Genetically modified food is becoming more common (______________________ are big compared to wild strawberries!). The “____________________” of biotechnology applications is just beginning to emerge in ______________ and the environment, where living cells and their molecules can help us develop new methods to ___________ our environment, detect environmental ____________________, and reduce our dependence on petroleum (__________________). The _________________ world has led to the emerging field of biotechnology which has given us many advances and new _____________ in medicine, agriculture, _______________, and _____________ science. Biotechnology, while it has benefited North Carolina in many ways, has also raised many ___________________ for an informed community to consider. As we increase our knowledge and make advances in technology we are able to reduce the threat of _______________ hazards. Biotechnology affects us in every area of our lives: our ____________, water, __________________ and ______________________. Uses of modern biotechnology include: making ___________________ in large quantities (e.g. __________________) and human _____________ for the treatment of diabetes, combating crime through _________ testing and forensic testing, removing ________________ from soil and water (_____________________), and improving the quality of ________________ crops and livestock products. Some new areas such as ____________________________ (GM) and _________________ are controversial. • Cloning: making an exact _______________ of an organism • Genetic Modification: manipulating or _______________ the ______ of an organism to make it have a certain _________ that we desire. History of Biotechnology: •
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500 BC​
: The Chinese use moldy curds as an ___________________ to treat boils 250 BC​
: The Greeks practice ___________________________ to increase soil fertility 100 BC​
: Chinese use powdered chrysanthemum as an __________________ 1590:​
Janssen invents the ____________________ 1663:​
Hooke discovers ______________ _________:​
Leeuwenhoek discovers bacteria and ___________________ 1797:​
Jenner inoculates a child with a viral vaccine to protect him from _______________________ _________:​
Mendel discovers genes while working with peas. He lays the groundwork for ________________. 1883:​
The _____________ vaccine is developed 1928:​
________________ discovers penicillin ___________:​
__________ is shown to be the building block of the gene 1972:​
The DNA composition of humans is shown to be _______% similar to that of chimps and gorillas 1978:​
North Carolina scientists, Hutchinson and Edgell, prove it is possible to introduce specific _________________ at specific sites in a DNA molecule st​
1981:​
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___________ to be successfully cloned ___________:​
Humulin, human insulin drug, produced by genetically­engineered bacteria (first biotech __________ approved by the FDA) 1984: ​
The DNA _________________ technique is developed. 1984: ​
The first genetically­engineered ________________ is developed. __________: ​
Microorganisms are used to clean up the Exxon Valdez ____________________ 1993:​
The FDA declares that genetically engineered ____________ are "not inherently dangerous" __________: Scientists clone identical ____________ from early embryonic sheep 1999:​
The ___________________________ of the human chromosome is deciphered __________:​
The sequence of the human _____________ is published in Science and Nature Question: Answer on the back. 1.
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What are some examples of things that are made using biotechnology? How does biotechnology affect your life? What are some jobs that you think would be related to biotechnology? What do you think are the 3 most important events in the history of biotechnology? What does the word bioremediation mean? What are the 3 main ways that biotechnology is used? Why do you think genetic modification and cloning is controversial?