Download questions for the endocrine system chapter 16

QUESTIONS FOR THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM CHAPTER 16
ANSWER 1-31 ON SEPARATE SHEET/S OF PAPER
1. The endocrine system and the nervous system function alone or with others as a single __
system.
2. They both function by means of __ __-the NS using __ and the ES using __.
3. What are TARGET TISSUES AND ORGANS?
4. What must these tissues and organs have to be influenced by the signals?
5. Copy Table 16-1! This comparison of NS and ES will help tremendously!!!!
6. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands.
7. When is norepinephrine a neurotransmitter? When is it a hormone?
8. Trace/Draw neatly the diagram on page 486 and label the endocrine glands.
9. Hormones can be classified by general __-name and describe 3 of these.
10. Another way that hormones can be classified is by __ __.
11. Steroid hormones are made from __ and are __ soluble which means that they can pass
through what?
12. Nonsteroid hormones are made primarily from __ __.
13. 4 groups of nonsteroid hormones are __ such as insulin, __ which have carbs attached to the
amino acids, __ which are smaller than protein hormones,
and _ _ _ hormones.
14. Acting in a “lock and key” manner hormones produce changes in their target: they may
(1) initiate _ _, or (2) trigger _ or _ of certain _, or (3) by opening or closing what?
15. Define synergism, permissiveness, and antagonism as these relate to hormones.
16. How do hormones travel throughout the body?
17. What must hormones attached to plasma proteins do in order to be effective?
18. Why do endocrine glands produce more hormones than necessary?
19. What happens to the excess?
20. Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action:
a. Are they soluble in blood plasma? Why not?
b. They are not free molecules and attach to _ _ _ from which they must
__ before hitting the target!
c. Because they are _ _ they can pass into cells easily-therefore, their receptors are _
the cell rather than on the _ of the _ _.
d. After it has diffused into the cell, it goes to the __ where it forms what?
e. What is this model called? Why is it called that?
f. Once formed the complex activates a certain _ _ to begin _ of a _ molecule.
g. This new molecule travels out of the nucleus to the cytosol where it associates with
_ and begins synthesizing _.
h. Some of these proteins are __ that control _ _ OR _ _ that alter the _ of the cell.
i. The more hormone->the more->mRNA-> the more protein-> the greater the _ _.
j. In short,the amount of steroid hormone determines WHAT?
k. This is NOT done quickly-maybe response occurs in 45 min to several days!!!! T or F
l. NOW LOOK AT FIGURE 16-7 AND SEE ALL OF THIS HAPPENING!! EXCITING!!!!
21. Mechanisms of Nonsteroid Hormone Action:
a. The hypothesis for this action is the _ _ _. (THE MAN WHO PROPOSED THIS
WON A NOBEL PRIZE!! NOW YOU HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN IT!!!)
b. What is the “first messenger”?
c. How is the location of receptors in nonsteroid hormones different from in steroid?
d. Inside the cell a “second messenger” triggers the response-and this action is called
the _ _ _ hypothesis. It gets more complicated from here. We will go over THIS.
22. Go to Regulation of Hormone Secretion on page 491. The control of hormonal secretion is
usually part of a _ _ _. TURN PAGE OVER AND ANSWER QUESTIONS 23-31.
23. There are 3 types of stimuli that control hormonal secretion.
a. HUMORAL STIMULI-the simplest: occurs when cells sense a hypo/hyper amount of a
substance in the blood and respond by secretion or reduction of a hormone.
Example: High sugar causes release of insulin.
b. HORMONAL STIMULI-occurs when cells are regulated to produce or reduce the
hormone by a hormone produced by another gland.
Example:The Anterior Pituitary produces Thyroid Stimulating Hormone which
stimulates the thyroid to release its hormones.
c. NEURAL STIMULI-occurs when nervous input regulates cells to produce or reduce
the amount of a hormone.
Example:When you are frightened,your adrenal glands produce adrenaline/epinephrine.
d. Sign your name on #23 on your paper saying that you read these 3!
24. Box 16-1. What determines the sensitivity of a target cell to a hormone?
25. What happens to “old” receptors?
26. What is “up regulation”? Down regulation?
27. Box 16-2. Differentiate between hyposecretion and hypersecretion.
28. What 2 problems can cause a cell not to respond to its hormone?
29. Why are prostaglandins often called “tissue hormones”?
30. Briefly what does PGA do? PGE? PGF?
31. What is described as the most revolutionary development in medicine since the advent of
antibiotics?