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ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Energy is never created nor destroyed – just transferred from one form to another. It’s one of the most fundamental concepts in physics, but can be one that student’s find challenging when first introduced to it. This video production uses an engaging presenter and familiar objects and scenarios – including skateboarding, tennis, vehicles and plant growth – to explore different forms of energy, their effects on objects and processes and conversion from one form to another. Sections include what is energy, kinetic energy (including electrical, radiant and sound), potential energy and energy transformations. Students of Science at lower to middle levels will find this resource ideal for consolidating their understanding of these important fundamental areas. Resource written by: Bronwyn Moroney B.Ed, P.G. Dip.Ed Duration of resource: 13 Minutes Year of Production: 2013 Stock code: VEA12053 Forms of Energy For Teachers Introduction This program is about energy and its many forms. Initially all energy is derived from the Sun and travels to the Earth as radiant energy. The pathway of radiant energy, as it moves from the Sun into plants and subsequently into animals is explained with the use of graphics. The video then goes on to look specifically at potential and kinetic energy and the energy variations under which they exist. Potential and kinetic energy forms are explained with examples as well as transformations they can undergo. Timeline 00:00:00 00:02:36 00:03:54 00:04:57 00:07:18 00:10:31 00:12:25 00:12:58 What is Energy? Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Types of Kinetic Energy Types of Potential Energy Energy Transformation Credits End program Related Titles Push and Pull Forces The Energy of Chemical Reactions Chemical Analysis Techniques Water: A Unique Chemical Recommended Resources http://www.racemath.info/motionandenergy/ks3_enery_types.htm http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/energy2.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/energy/heatrev4.shtml http://www.enwin.com/kids/electricity/types_of_energy.cfm www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk http://www.aussieeducator.org.au/resources/teaching/scienceresources.html http://www.tvakids.com/teachers/resources.htm 2 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy Student Worksheet GLOSSARY Term Biomass Chemical energy Clean energy Conserve Efficiency Electrical energy Energy Fossil fuels Geothermal energy Hydropower Kinetic energy Mechanical energy Methane Nonrenewable Nuclear energy Pollution Potential energy Radiant energy Renewable Solar energy Sound energy Sustainable Thermal energy Definition Things that are alive, or were alive a short time ago, such as plant material (like wood), or animal waste. Can be used to make biogas for powering machines. Stored energy that can be released through chemical reaction, found in things like food and batteries Energy that does not pollute the environment To use carefully, to avoid waste Output compared to input. If a device does as much work for us as the energy we put into it, then it is perfectly efficient because it is not wasting any energy Energy produced by movement of charged particles, such as electrical currents and static electricity The ability to do work Materials that are extracted from the earth, such as coal, oil, or natural gas that are deposited and created over millions of years. We use chemical energy from these fuels for a variety of purposes. Heat energy from inside the earth Energy generated by moving water Energy of motion. Water flowing over a dam is kinetic energy Energy of moving parts- pushing or pulling A gas that is the main ingredient of both natural gas and biogas A resource that can be depleted, such as fossil fuels Energy produced by splitting or joining the centers of small particles called atoms Contamination of the natural environment with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities; a byproduct of many energy sources Stored energy, such as the still water sitting behind a dam, ready to fall. The category of energy that includes solar and light energy A resource that cannot be depleted, such as solar and wind energy From the sun’s rays. Solar panels can turn solar energy into electricity The vibrations of molecules as sound waves travel Practices that can be continued indefinitely, with minimal harm to the natural environment, such as the use of renewable resources Energy from heat 3 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy Initiate Prior Learning 1. Keep a 24 hour energy diary, listing the devices used and the source of energy or energy type used. Before starting the task, have a class discussion about the list, explain the terms and columns ("energy displayed" and "forms)”. Time Device Energy displayed Transformations a) Discuss the results of the completed diaries with your class 4 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 2. Write a list of items that you can find at home that support the definition, "Energy is the ability to do work”. Decide on a type of energy that each item may use. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Discuss the following with the class: Can you feel energy? Can you see energy? Can you hear energy? 4. Scrapbook: Find illustrations of examples of each energy type (stored mechanical, nuclear, chemical, gravitational, electrical, light, heat and movement) on the Internet (or copy illustrations from a book). Print out illustrations in color. Make one scrapbook page titled “Potential Energy” and one titled “Kinetic Energy” 5. Do some activities such as bounce a ball, shine a flashlight around a dark room, jump rope or drop a ball to the floor, roll a toy car down a ramp, light a candle. Then answer the following questions: a) What did it take for each of these actions to occur? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ b) What other actions (or work) occur(s) as a result of the use of energy? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 6. Hold a tennis ball two feet above the floor. Then answer the following questions: a) Is the ball displaying energy? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ b) Is there the potential for energy? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Repeat this activity to illustrate kinetic energy. 7. Define the following words: kinetic energy and potential energy. Provide an example of each. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Define energy. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Brainstorm “Where do people get their energy?” 10. What is energy transfer? Give some examples. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy Active Viewing Guide What is energy? 1. What is energy? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Where is all energy derived from? What is it called? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What do plants do with the sun’s energy? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. How do animals obtain energy? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Kinetic energy 5. What is kinetic energy? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Complete the following sentence: Energy is always _______________________ from one form to another. 7. Do heavier objects have more or less energy than lighter objects moving at the same speed? ____________________________________________________________________________________ Potential energy 8. What is potential energy? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 7 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy Types of kinetic energy 9. Name the types of kinetic energy. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. What is the most important type of energy? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 11. What type of energy do we feel? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 12. What causes sound energy? ____________________________________________________________________________________ Types of potential energy 13. Name the types of potential energy. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 14. Bigger massive objects have more/same/less gravitational energy than smaller objects at the same height. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy Energy transformations 15. What is energy transformation? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 16. Draw the energy flow diagram of a wind turbine to a mp3 stereo in the space below. 9 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy Extension Activities 1. Watch a video of a roller coaster or someone skate boarding. Discuss the movement and energy needs at different points of the ride, i.e. up versus going down. Why does a coaster go up on its own? What causes this? Would it be faster with more people in it or less? Why? Look at the way it is designed and discuss the design techniques. Why is it designed this way? What would make it faster? Slower? Why is the first hill always the highest hill on a roller coaster? A good skate park site to use is: http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Energy_Skate_Park , or go to Google and search for: phet skate park. Click on Simulations, then Work, Energy, and Power on the left side. Click on Energy Skate Park. Click on the Run now button. In this simulation you can alter components of the park or skate boarder, angles and speed and view the results. 2. Design a new skate park. Draw your idea of what it would look like and then re-create your drawing using the simulation. Be sure to include a first hill, a loop, and a second hill. Pick a skater and test out your track. Describe/draw what happened to your skater when you put them on the track. Did your skater go the whole way? If not, what do you need to change? What problems did your skater have on your track, state where and why? On your design draw: at what point is the potential energy of the skater the greatest at what point is the kinetic energy of the skater the greatest at what point the kinetic energy is equal to the potential energy. Explain how kinetic energy and potential energy affected your track design. Compare your track with two other people. Write down your observations in the space below. Illustration Similarities Differences Your design Other person 1 Other person 2 10 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 3. Match the energy change to the example. An electric lamp Electric to sound An electric heater Chemical to thermal Combining vinegar and baking powder which produces bubbles and heat Electric to radiant Nuclear power plant providing energy for a city Electric to thermal Battery operated car Chemical to mechanical The radio playing Nuclear to electric 4. Energy transfer diagrams show the locations of energy stores and energy transfers. Draw a comic strip depicting the energy transformations as the movement of an atom of energy from the Sun as it travels to the Earth. Do the journey of this atom involving all the energy transformations it undergoes until its final destination as a food source for you. 5. Below are scenarios for three countries and their available resources. Read each scenario carefully. Country 1: A nation at an intermediate stage of industrial development. In this country there are excellent untapped supplies of coal and in many areas, steady strong winds for several months a year. Some major rivers have enormous hydro-electric potential for power but are also heavily populated. Rural areas have poor energy infrastructure and many lack basic energy services. Some very large urban areas exist within this large nation. Country 2: An advanced industrial nation with no resources or supplies of fossil fuels. This nation consists of a number of interconnected islands. There are well-established shipping routes in the region. The society of this country is highly urbanized. Country 3: An advanced industrial nation with large reserves of coal, oil and gas. The nation's island location offers potential for tidal and wave power. There is limited geothermal potential, generally in areas of lower population densities. The society of this country is highly urbanized. Write down the energy options available to each country. Assess the available energy types objectively, and then choose the energy mix for each country. Justify your decision that you chose as the energy supply. State the advantages and disadvantages of your decision. For example, running costs may be a priority in one country but of less importance in another. 11 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 6. Design a moving toy. How does it change energy? What is its initial source of energy? Draw an energy transformation diagram of the energy changes that occur in relation to your toy. 7. A skater is on a U-shaped track at a skate park. On a scale of 0-10 (0 being the least, 10 being the most), predict the amount of kinetic and potential energy when the skater is on different parts of the track. Skateboarder Location on track Prediction Kinetic energy Prediction Potential energy Explanation of your reasoning Top of track Middle of track Bottom of track 12 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 8. Energy comes from many places. Commonly used energy resources include the following. Fill in the following table for each type listed. Source of energy Description of source Fossil fuels Biomass Pl Geothermal energy Hydropower Wind Nuclear energy P[ Solar energy 9. Investigating Energy Transformations. In small groups choose one energy system per group to investigate. Examples include: the car, a stereo, television. Their system is to include at least three different forms of energy and at least two different energy transformations. Research how this system works. Each group present the energy transformations that take place in their system. Your group should create some type of visual aid, such as a power point or video, representing the energy transformations that are occurring in that system. 10. Energy transformation diagrams. Draw energy transformation diagrams for the following: a) Car b) Hair dryer c) Television 11. Select an appliance at home or at school (not ENERGY STAR certified, if possible) and determine how much energy it uses in a year and the total cost to operate it for a year. Then find an ENERGY STAR certified replacement for the appliance and determine how much money you would save if operating the appliance for a year. 13 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 12. Class discussions Use the following to lead a class discussion about renewable and non-renewable energy. There are only about five necessities for survival-food, clothing, air, water, and shelter. We now view many of the conveniences and comforts of our modern lifestyles as basic needs. We seldom think of the resources that provide the energy we consume. For most people, energy is abstract; it is something that makes our lights glow and warms or cools our houses. Most of the energy we now consume is from finite resources that will not last forever, that is, they are not renewable; BUT nonrenewable resources are being consumed at an alarming rate. We use energy in almost every phase of producing and using resources. The solution to the problem of our consumption of non-renewable resources is that we conserve our non-renewable resources, and we must, as a result, increase our use of renewable sources of energy to meet needs. List five things you must have to survive. Discuss your responses, and categorize them according to these basic necessities: -food, water, air, clothing, and shelter. What would happen if one of those needs was not met? Where do we get those things that supply basic needs? Compare your lifestyles now with those that include only things that are basic survival needs. Examine each basic survival need closely Discuss the term resource. Give some examples of resources. Discuss the term renewable resource. Give some examples of renewable resources. Discuss the meaning of the term non-renewable resources. What does the term conservation mean? In groups, develop a plan for conserving energy and present this to your class. 14 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy Quiz 1. When would the kinetic energy in a ball become potential energy? a) When the ball is thrown b) When the ball is dropped c) When the ball rolls down a hill d) When the ball is rolled up a hill and stops at the top 2. What is potential energy? a) the energy of motion b) stored energy c) atomic energy d) heat energy 3. What is kinetic energy? a) the energy of motion b) stored energy c) heat energy d) gravitational energy 4. A moving object always has a) potential energy b) kinetic energy c) nuclear energy d) solar energy 15 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 5. An example of chemical potential energy is the energy of a) a stereo playing music b) a moving arrow c) a hamburger d) a coiled spring 6. If an object is not moving, it has a) potential energy b) kinetic energy c) chemical energy d) nuclear energy 7. Who has more potential energy, a skier on top of a hill or a skier half way down the hill? a) The skier on top of the hill. b) The skier half way down the hill. c) They both have the same potential energy. d) Neither one has potential energy. 8. The energy of a ball flying through the air is: a) Only kinetic energy b) Both kinetic and potential energy c) Mostly sound and heat energy d) Gravitational energy 16 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 9. Which diagram shows the spring with the most potential energy? a) b) c) d) 10. Which best describes what is happening when a moving car comes to a stop? a) The car’s kinetic energy is increasing and its potential energy is increasing. b) The car’s kinetic energy is decreasing and its potential energy is increasing. c) The car’s kinetic energy is decreasing and its potential energy is decreasing. d) The car’s kinetic energy is increasing and its potential energy is decreasing. 17 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 11. Which one of the following situations involves potential energy changing into kinetic energy? a) A moving ball being caught. b) An airplane taking off from an airport. c) A child kicking a ball that is standing still. d) A car coming to a stop. 12. When does an airplane have kinetic energy? a) When it takes off b) When it is flying c) When it lands d) Both A and B 13. An example of gravitational potential energy is the energy of: a) an object at height b) any chemical c) all moving objects d) a parked car 14. Explain the difference between potential and kinetic energy. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 18 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy Suggested Student Responses Initiate Prior Learning 1. Keep a 24 hour energy diary, listing the devices used and the source of energy or energy type used. Before starting the task, have a class discussion about the list, explain the terms and columns ("energy displayed" and "forms)”. Answers will vary a) Discuss the results of the completed diaries with your class Answers will vary 2. Write a list of items that you can find at home that support the definition, "Energy is the ability to do work”. decide on a type of energy that each item may use. Answers will vary but may include examples such as electricity causes the light bulbs to glow, sunlight causes plants to grow, motors enable cars to move. 3. Discuss the following with the class: Can you feel energy? Can you see energy? Can you hear energy? Can you feel energy? (what about wind or waves in the ocean.) Can you see energy? (Yes, sunlight.) Can you hear energy? (yes, noise). Examples may vary and should encourage students to see that these are all forms of energy. 4. Scrapbook: Find illustrations of examples of each energy type (stored mechanical, nuclear, chemical, gravitational, electrical, light, heat and movement) on the Internet (or copy illustrations from a book). Print out illustrations in color. Make one scrapbook page titled “Potential Energy” and one titled “Kinetic Energy” Answers will vary 5. Do some activities such as bounce a ball, shine a flashlight around a dark room, jump rope or drop a ball to the floor, roll a toy car down a ramp, light a candle. Then answer the following questions: a) What did it take for each of these actions to occur? Energy b) What other actions (or work) occur(s) as a result of the use of energy? Accept any reasonable answer. 6. Hold a tennis ball two feet above the floor. Then answer the following questions: a) Is the ball displaying energy? No b) Is there the potential for energy? Yes; the tennis ball could be dropped, displaying an effect of energy-movement. This concept of potential energy may need to be discussed and illustrated until the students understand. Repeat this activity to illustrate kinetic energy. 19 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 7. Define the following words: kinetic energy and potential energy. Provide an example of each. kinetic energy: the energy of movement Potential energy: stored energy Examples will vary 8. Define energy. Answers will vary. 9. Brainstorm “Where do people get their energy?” Answers will vary. 10. What is energy transfer? Give some examples. Answers will vary. 20 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy Active Viewing Guide What is energy? 1. What is energy? The ability to do work 2. Where is all energy derived from? What is it called? The sun as radiant/solar energy 3. What do plants do with the sun’s energy? The energy is converted in the chloroplasts into stored chemical energy 4. How do animals obtain energy? They eat the plants that contain the stored energy directly or indirectly by eating animals that have eaten the plants. Kinetic energy 5. What is kinetic energy? Anything that moves – energy of movement 6. Complete the following sentence: Energy is always transferred from one form to another. 7. Do heavier objects have more or less energy than lighter objects moving at the same speed? More Potential energy 8. What is potential energy? Stored energy Types of kinetic energy 9. Name the types of kinetic energy. Electrical energy from electrons Radiant energy from movement or the travelling of electromagnetic energy Visible light Radio waves X-rays Gamma rays 10. What is the most important type of energy? Solar 11. What type of energy do we feel? Radiant 12. What causes sound energy? The vibration of air particles 21 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy Types of potential energy 13. Name the types of potential energy. Chemical energy Mechanical or elastic energy Gravitational energy 14. Bigger massive objects have more/same/less gravitational energy than smaller objects at the same height. More Energy transformations 15. What is energy transformation? When energy changes from one form to another 16. Draw the energy flow diagram of a wind turbine to a mp3 stereo in the space below. Kinetic energy of wind Electrical energy in wires Chemical energy stored in batteries Sound energy of the mp3 22 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy Extension Activities 1. Watch a video of a roller coaster or someone skate boarding. Discuss the movement and energy needs at different points of the ride, i.e. up versus going down. Why does a coaster go up on its own? What causes this? Would it be faster with more people in it or less? Why? Look at the way it is designed and discuss the design techniques. Why is it designed this way? What would make it faster? Slower? Why is the first hill always the highest hill on a roller coaster? A good skate park site to use is: http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Energy_Skate_Park , or go to Google and search for: phet skate park. Click on Simulations, then Work, Energy, and Power on the left side. Click on Energy Skate Park. Click on the Run now button. In this simulation you can alter components of the park or skate boarder, angles and speed and view the results. Answers will vary 2. Design a new skate park. Draw your idea of what it would look like and then re-create your drawing using the simulation. Be sure to include a first hill, a loop, and a second hill. Pick a skater and test out your track. Describe/draw what happened to your skater when you put them on the track. Did your skater go the whole way? If not what do you need to change? What problems did your skater have on your track-state where and why? On your design draw: at what point is the potential energy of the skater the greatest at what point is the kinetic energy of the skater the greatest at what point the kinetic energy is equal to the potential energy. Explain how kinetic energy and potential energy affected your track design. Compare your track with two other people. Write down your observations in the space below. Answers will vary 3. Match the energy change to the example. Matched pairs shown below An electric lamp Electric to radiant An electric heater Electric to thermal Combining vinegar and baking powder which produces bubbles and heat Nuclear power plant providing energy for a city Battery operated car Chemical to thermal The radio playing Electric to sound Nuclear to electric Chemical to mechanical 23 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 4. Energy transfer diagrams show the locations of energy stores and energy transfers. Draw a comic strip depicting the energy transformations as the movement of an atom of energy from the Sun as it travels to the Earth. Do the journey of this atom involving all the energy transformations it undergoes until its final destination as a food source for you. Answer may vary but could include: Nuclear (fusion on Sun) to radiant energy to light/solar energy (sun energy), converted to chemical stored in energy in a plant, then eaten by a herbivore and converted to mechanical energy in the muscles or respiration and stored as chemical energy in meat, which is eaten by a carnivore or omnivore and converted into mechanical energy 5. Below are scenarios for three countries and their available resources. Read each scenario carefully. Country 1: A nation at an intermediate stage of industrial development. In this country there are excellent untapped supplies of coal and in many areas, steady strong winds for several months a year. Some major rivers have enormous hydro-electric potential for power but are also heavily populated. Rural areas have poor energy infrastructure and many lack basic energy services. Some very large urban areas exist within this large nation. Country 2: An advanced industrial nation with no resources or supplies of fossil fuels. This nation consists of a number of interconnected islands. There are well-established shipping routes in the region. The society of this country is highly urbanized. Country 3: An advanced industrial nation with large reserves of coal, oil and gas. The nation's island location offers potential for tidal and wave power. There is limited geothermal potential, generally in areas of lower population densities. The society of this country is highly urbanized. Write down the energy options available to each country. Assess the available energy types objectively, and then choose the energy mix for each country. Justify your decision that you chose as the energy supply. State the advantages and disadvantages of your decision. For example, running costs may be a priority in one country but of less importance in another. Answer will vary: May include: Country 1. Coal fired power station supporting urban areas, wind farms for small rural areas due to lack of infrastructure, hydroelectric power stations but may involve re-settling of population, Country 2: power is supplied by another country, oil, gas or coal shipped in to run power plants, can include investigating other sources such as biomass, geothermal, Country 3: geothermal for small communities, large gas, oil or coal fired power plants to supply urban areas 6. Design a moving toy. How does it change energy? What is its initial source of energy? Draw an energy transformation diagram of the energy changes that occur in relation to your toy. Answers will vary 24 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 7. A skater is on a U-shaped track at a skate park. On a scale of 0-10 (0 being the least, 10 being the most), predict the amount of kinetic and potential energy when the skater is on different parts of the track. Skateboarder Location on track Prediction Kinetic energy Prediction Potential energy Explanation of your reasoning Top of track 0 10 Not yet moving but due to position of skater lots of potential energy available Middle of track 10 0 Moving so using all energy reserves up, slope of hill provides impulsion Bottom of track 0 0 All energy spent 8. Energy comes from many places. Commonly used energy resources include the following. Fill in the following table for each type listed. Source of energy Description of source Fossil fuels coal, oil (petroleum), natural gas, and propane Biomass Pl plant material that is burned for its energy Geothermal energy comes from the heat within the earth Hydropower generated by moving water Wind wind turns rotating machines, called turbines, to change the wind’s kinetic energy into electrical energy Nuclear energy P[produced when the nuclei (centre) of atoms split apart (fission) or fuse together (fusion) Solar energy radiant energy of the Sun, often turned into electrical energy with the help of solar cells 9. Investigating Energy Transformations. In small groups, choose one energy system per group to investigate. Examples include: the car, a stereo, television. Their system is to include at least three different forms of energy and at least two different energy transformations. Research how this system works. Each group present the energy transformations that take place in their system. Your group should create some type of visual aid, such as a power point or video, representing the energy transformations that are occurring in that system. Answers will vary 25 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 10. Energy transformation diagrams. Draw energy transformation diagrams for the following: a) Car Chemical energy is burned causing the gases to expand rapidly. This expansion forces the piston to move (thus, the chemical energy is transformed into mechanical energy). The chemical energy stored in the battery is transformed into electrical energy which is then transformed into light energy (headlights) and sound energy (radio). b) Hair dryer Electrical energy is transformed into heat energy; electrical energy is also transformed into mechanical energy which is transformed into sound energy; electrical energy is also transformed into mechanical energy (the blowing of the air). c) Television Electrical energy is transformed into light energy and heat energy; electrical energy is transformed into sound energy. 11. Select an appliance at home or at school (not ENERGY STAR certified, if possible) and determine how much energy it uses in a year and the total cost to operate it for a year. Then find an ENERGY STAR certified replacement for the appliance and determine how much money you would save if operating the appliance for a year. Answers will vary 12. Class discussions Use the following to lead a class discussion about renewable and non-renewable energy. There are only about five necessities for survival-food, clothing, air, water, and shelter. We now view many of the conveniences and comforts of our modern lifestyles as basic needs. We seldom think of the resources that provide the energy we consume. For most people, energy is abstract; it is something that makes our lights glow and warms or cools our houses. Most of the energy we now consume is from finite resources that will not last forever, that is, they are not renewable; BUT nonrenewable resources are being consumed at an alarming rate. We use energy in almost every phase of producing and using resources. The solution to the problem of our consumption of non-renewable resources is that we conserve our non-renewable resources, and we must, as a result, increase our use of renewable sources of energy to meet needs. List five things you must have to survive. Discuss your responses, and categorize them according to these basic necessities: -food, water, air, clothing, and shelter. What would happen if one of those needs was not met? Where do we get those things that supply basic needs? Compare your lifestyles now with those that include only things that are basic survival needs. Examine each basic survival need closely Discuss the term resource. Give some examples of resources. Discuss the term renewable resource. Give some examples of renewable resources. Discuss the meaning of the term non-renewable resources. What does the term conservation mean? In groups, develop a plan for conserving energy and present this to your class. Answers will vary 26 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy Quiz 1. When would the kinetic energy in a ball become potential energy? a) When the ball is thrown b) When the ball is dropped c) When the ball rolls down a hill d) When the ball is rolled up a hill and stops at the top 2. What is potential energy? a) the energy of motion b) stored energy c) atomic energy d) heat energy 3. What is kinetic energy? a) the energy of motion b) stored energy c) heat energy d) gravitational energy 4. A moving object always has a) potential energy b) kinetic energy c) nuclear energy d) solar energy 27 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 5. An example of chemical potential energy is the energy of a) a stereo playing music b) a moving arrow c) a hamburger d) a coiled spring 6. If an object is not moving, it has a) potential energy b) kinetic energy c) chemical energy d) nuclear energy 7. Who has more potential energy, a skier on top of a hill or a skier half way down the hill? a) The skier on top of the hill. b) The skier half way down the hill. c) They both have the same potential energy. d) Neither one has potential energy. 8. The energy of a ball flying through the air is: a) Only kinetic energy b) Both kinetic and potential energy c) Mostly sound and heat energy d) Gravitational energy 28 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 9. Which diagram shows the spring with the most potential energy? a) b) c) d) 10. Which best describes what is happening when a moving car comes to a stop? a) The car’s kinetic energy is increasing and its potential energy is increasing. b) The car’s kinetic energy is decreasing and its potential energy is increasing. c) The car’s kinetic energy is decreasing and its potential energy is decreasing. d) The car’s kinetic energy is increasing and its potential energy is decreasing. 29 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968. Forms of Energy 11. Which one of the following situations involves potential energy changing into kinetic energy? a) A moving ball being caught. b) An airplane taking off from an airport. c) A child kicking a ball that is standing still. d) A car coming to a stop. 12. When does an airplane have kinetic energy? a) When it takes off b) When it is flying c) When it lands d) Both A and B 13. An example of gravitational potential energy is the energy of: a) an object at height b) any chemical c) all moving objects d) a parked car 14. Explain the difference between potential and kinetic energy. Potential energy is stored energy and kinetic energy is the energy of movement 30 © VEA Group Pty Ltd 2013 Reproducing these support notes You may download and print one copy of these support notes from our website or ClickView for your reference. Further copying or printing must be reported to CAL as per the Copyright Act 1968.