Download 3rd Quarter Mid-Term Study Guide Be sure to know the following

7th grade Accelerated Science
3rd Quarter Mid-Term Study Guide
Be sure to know the following concepts:
I.
Plate Tectonics
a. Plate Boundaries & their movements
i. Landforms & features caused by plate boundaries
ii. Types of Stress & landforms/features caused.
b. Continental Drift/Wegener’s Evidence
c. Seafloor Spreading/Hess’s Evidence
d. Layers of the Earth & their properties
e. Earthquakes
i. Fault types
ii. Richter Scale
iii. Mercalli Scale
iv. Types of Seismic Waves
f. Volcanoes
i. Types
ii. What affects how explosive a volcano is.
iii. Anatomy of a volcano
iv. Life Stages of a volcano (active, dormant, extinct)
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Rocks & Minerals
a. Mineral Characteristics & Properties
b. Moh’s Hardness Scale
c. Mineral Identification
d. Rock Cycle
e. Rock Types & how they are formed
f. Weathering & Erosion
Physics
a. Newton’s 3 laws of motion
b. Motion Graphs
c. Speed, acceleration, and momentum – be able to solve for
d. Types of Friction
e. Gravity
f. Projectile Motion
g. Waves
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Scientific Processes
a. Scientific Method
Metric Measurement
a. Convert from smaller to larger/larger to smaller units. (km to m)
b. Density
c. Basic metric units
Practice Questions
Plate Tectonics
1. Study the following diagram. Then label the parts of Earth’s surface.
2. Compare and contrast divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries.
3. Describe how convection currents might be the cause of plate tectonics.
4. What is the difference between a convergent and a divergent plate boundary?
5. What happens to warmer material in a convection current?
6. What observation led Albert Wegener to develop the hypothesis of continental drift?
7. Since new crust is constantly being added, why does Earth’s surface not keep expanding?
8. Name the type of stress depicted in each figure and the kind of fault that results from the stress.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 2
a.____________________
a.____________________
a.____________________
Figure 3
b.____________________
b.____________________
b.____________________
9. How have seismic wave studies helped scientists determine the structure of Earth’s interior?
The table below shows distances and travel times for primary and secondary seismic waves. Use the data in the
table to graph the travel times and distances on the graph. Then use the graph to answer the questions.
Time (minutes and seconds)
Distance
Primary Wave
Secondary Wave
1,000 km
0 min 40 s
1 min 20 s
2,000 km
1 min 15 s
2 min 10 s
4,000 km
2 min 0 s
3 min 25 s
6,000 km
2 min 25 s
4 min 10 s
8,000 km
2 min 40 s
4 min 45 s
10,000 km
2 min 45 s
5 min 10 s
10. What happens to the difference in travel times as the distances increase?
11. What is the difference between the travel times for primary and secondary waves
a. at 1,500 km?
b. at 7,500 km?
12. Identify each type of volcano and describe how it’s formed.
a) Figure 1 is a
It’s formed by
b) Figure 2 is a
It’s formed by
c) Figure 3 is a
It’s formed by
13. Compare and contrast silica-rich and silica-poor magma.
14. Why do volcanoes form at plate boundaries and hot spots?
15. How are a soft drink in a can and magma alike?
Use the diagram to answer each question.
16. Which sedimentary rock layer is older, A or B? Explain your answer and name the scientific law that you
applied to reach your conclusion.
17. List layers E, D, and C in order from oldest to youngest.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
18. Earth’s solid inner core is surrounded by the hot, molten metal of which layer?
19. The asthenosphere is part of which layer of Earth?
20. Pressure increases with depth toward the center of Earth. In which layer would you expect pressure to be the
greatest?
21. According to the theory of plate tectonics, which layer of the earth is broken into separate sections called
plates?
22. Which layer of Earth is made up partly of crust and partly of mantle material?
23. Based on the diagram, describe one of the major differences between oceanic crust and continental crust.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
24. Which type of plate boundary occurs at X?
25. What feature occurs at Y, and how does it form?
26. What is happening at Z?
27. Identify the three plates in the diagram and name the materials that make up each plate.
28. Which type of plate boundary occurs at Y?
29. What feature occurs at X and how does it form?
Match each term with the description below.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
lithosphere
mantle
plate tectonics
seafloor spreading
convection current
continental drift
Pangaea
magnetometer
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
convergent boundary
subduction zone
asthenosphere
strike-slip fault
transform boundary
divergent boundary
crust
plates
30. ____ plastic like layer of Earth’s surface below the lithosphere
31. ____ cycle of heating, rising, cooling, and sinking
32. ____ theory that states that Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into sections, which move around on a
special layer of the mantle
33. ____ area where an oceanic plate goes down into the mantle
34. ____ plate boundary that occurs when two plates slide past one another
35. ____ place where two plates move together
36. ____ rigid layer of Earth’s surface made up of the crust and a part of the upper mantle
37. ____ one large landmass hypothesized to have broken apart about 200 million years ago into continents
38. ____ hypothesis that the continents have moved slowly to their current locations
39. ____ boundary between two plates that are moving apart
40. ____ sections of Earth’s crust and upper mantle
41. ____ largest layer of Earth’s surface, composed mostly of silicon, oxygen, magnesium, and iron
42. ____ outermost layer of Earth’s surface
43. ____ where rocks on opposite sides of a fault move in opposite directions or in the same direction at different
rates
Rock Cycle: Rocks & Minerals
Use the diagram to answer each question.
Mohs Hardness Scale
Mineral
Hardness
Talc
1
Gypsum
2
Calcite
3
Fluorite
4
Apatite
5
Feldspar
6
Quartz
7
Topaz
8
Corundum
9
Diamond
10
44. What would happen if you rubbed a piece of fluorite against a piece of feldspar?
45. What would you expect to happen if you rubbed a mineral of hardness 7.5 against a piece of quartz?
46. If an unknown mineral has a hardness between 5 and 9, what could you do to the mineral to find out more
about its hardness?
47. Which minerals in the table will scratch quartz?
48. List the following minerals in order of decreasing hardness: apatite, calcite, corundum, feldspar, and talc.
49. An unknown mineral scratches apatite and is scratched by corundum. What can you conclude about this
mineral’s hardness?
Use the diagram to answer each question.
50. Describe how minerals form in diagram B.
51. Describe how minerals form in diagram C.
52. Compare the size of the crystals you would expect to form from the magma in diagram A and from the lava in
diagram B. Explain.
53. How do minerals form by evaporation?
Use the diagram to answer each question.
54. Match Rock B with the correct rock from the following list: slate, breccia, granite, limestone, conglomerate,
gneiss. Classify Rock B into one of the three major rock groups and explain how it formed.
55. Match Rock C with the correct rock from the following list: slate, breccia, granite, limestone, conglomerate,
gneiss. Classify Rock C into one of the three major rock groups and explain how it formed.
56. Match Rock A with the correct rock from the following list: slate, breccia, granite, limestone, conglomerate,
gneiss. Classify Rock A into one of the three major rock groups and explain how it formed.
57. Explain why metamorphic rock rarely forms at Earth’s surface.
58. Describe what geologists do to determine the mineral composition of a rock.
59. How are rocks related to minerals? What is the difference in how rocks and minerals are classified?
60. Which group of rocks is most likely to contain fossils? Why?
61. Explain how a grain of sand that washes up on a beach could end up some day as lava pouring from a volcano.
62. Describe how freezing and thawing of water causes mechanical weathering.
63. For hundreds of years, an ancient statue had been kept outdoors in a country with a dry, mild climate. A U.S.
city bought the statue and placed it outdoors in a park. The city has hot, rainy summers, freezing winter
temperatures, and air pollution from the burning of coal in a power plant. Predict how the city’s climate will
affect the weathering of the statue.
Physics
64. DJ struts down the hall toward class at 0.1 m/s. In 5 minutes, how far would he travel?
65. Gabriel stays after class to work on is science homework and is late for football practice. He decides to run so
the coach won't be mad. If the locker room is 300 m from the classroom and Jeff can run a surprising 25 m/s,
how long would it take him to get there?
66. 55. A small child has a wagon with a mass of 10 kilograms. The child pulls on the wagon with a force of 2
newtons. What is the acceleration of the wagon?
GIVEN
WORK
ANSWER
67. What is the force on a 1000 kg elevator that is falling freely under the acceleration of gravity only
(9.8m/s2)?
GIVEN
WORK
ANSWER
68. Ben Tooclose is being chased through the woods by a bull moose which he was attempting to photograph. The
enormous mass of the bull moose is extremely intimidating. Yet, if Ben makes a zigzag pattern through the
woods, he will be able to use the large mass of the moose to his own advantage. Explain this in terms of inertia
and Newton's first law of motion.
69. Mr. Nicholls placed a hula hoop on the flat table
top and set a marble against the inside edge. With a
simple spinning motion, he gets the marble
traveling at a constant speed around the inner edge
of the hoop.
He lifted the hoop off the table. Look at the
diagram. Which path did the marble take? Using
Newton’s Laws to explain your answer.
70. You push on a crate with a force of 10 N to the right, and your friend pushes on the crate with a force of 25 N
to the left. Describe and explain the motion of the crate.
71. Explain the motions of a hockey puck during a hockey game in terms of Newton's first law.
72. Why do warehouse workers move heavy boxes around on carts with wheels?
73. List the forces that act on a table tennis ball during a game and explain how they affect the ball.
74. If you double the force on an object, the object's change in speed will also double. Explain how force and
acceleration are related.
75. Acceleration depends on which two factors?
76. Do both cars have the same velocity? Explain.
77. Describe the motion of a car with an acceleration of –2 m/s2.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
78. What does the line segment on the graph from 0 to 3 seconds
represent? Explain your answer.
79. What is the acceleration of the ball between 0 and 3 seconds?
80. What happened to the speed of the ball during the final two
seconds?
81. Does the graph indicate that the ball decelerated? Explain
your answer.
82. How far did the ball move in the final 2 seconds?
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Use the diagram to answer each question.
89. Name the type of wave that has the
highest frequency.
90. Name the type of wave labeled C.
91. Name the type of wave that has the
greatest energy.
92. Which letter shows the type of
wave that can be seen by the human
eye?
93. Name the type of wave labeled A.
94. Which letter indicates X-rays?