Download Breathing

One of the keys to being healthy and fit is
exercise. During exercise your body systems
accelerate, because your body needs oxygen
and nutrients. These systems include the
Respiratory system, which passes oxygen to
the blood, then the lungs removes the
carbon dioxide, which is what you breath
out. The Circulatory system, which includes
blood, which gets oxygen and nutrients and,
then is pumped through the heart and then
around the body. The last system is the
Muscular system, which uses oxygen and
nutrients in the blood, this is used for
power and energy. All three of these
systems need to work together during
exercise.
The first system that involved during
exercise is the respiratory system. This
system helps supply with oxygen (O2) it
needs and gets rid of carbon dioxide that
we don’t need.
Breathing
The first thing in the presses of the
respiratory is breathing. We automatically
all the time, because we need oxygen to
stay alive. We inhale (breath in) oxygen
(O2) when we exhale (breath out) its carbon
dioxide.
Once we have breathed in, the fresh oxygen
down the trachea, another name for the
trachea
is
windpipe.
There
are
tiny
microscopic hairs in your windpipe, these
hairs are called cilia. The cilia in your
windpipe catch mucus and dirt before it
enters the lungs, while the cilia catch the
mucus and dirt they move, but very gently.
Some people wonder what helps use breath,
well the diaphragm is one of the things
that helps use breathe. The diaphragm is a
big muscle located under your lungs. When
you breathe in it contracts (flattens out)
while your lungs expand, when you exhale
your diaphragm your diaphragm relaxes and
your lungs deflate.
Lungs
The next important part of the respiratory
system is the lungs. The lungs are located,
in your chest your rib cage.
The rib cage protects the
lungs. The lungs rest on top
of your diaphragm.
The lungs help you breath,
they’re both pink and squishy
like a sponge. The left is a
bite smaller than the right.
Why? Because there has to be
room for the heart that site behind your
lungs. That’s why the left lung is a bite
smaller than the right lung.
The first part in the lungs the bronchi.
The air travels through the bronchus so it
can enter the lungs. The bronchi connect to
the trachea, then splits into two, one goes
to the right and the other goes to the
right. The bronchi are the main tubes that
go directly to the lungs.
Next are the bronchioles, the bronchioles,
the bronchioles are connected to the
bronchus. They’re tiny tubes the size of a
strand of your hair, they keep on getting
smaller and smaller. There are 30,000 in
each of your lungs, which is a lot. The
bronchioles allow the oxygen (O2) to travel
to the alveoli and the carbon dioxide goes
the other way.
The
alveoli
is
connected
to
your
bronchioles, there are clumps, at the end
of each 30,000 bronchioles.
They’re tiny air sacs that
fill up with air when you
inhale,
there
are
600,000,000 in your lungs,
and
the
alveoli
are
surrounded by blood vessels
called capillaries. Alveoli
allow the oxygen to pass into the blood,
when blood has oxygen it is oxygenated. The
blood cells also drop of carbon dioxide.
Blood
Blood is also a part of the respiratory
system. The blood vessels are called
capillaries.
The
blood
transports
oxygenated blood around the body then to
the heart. It does all that, in one minute.
Carbon dioxide is produced by the body.
Blood transports the carbon dioxide to the
lungs and it will exit your body though
your mouth. Blood vessels are so small,
that the blood has to be in single file.
The oxygenated blood travels to cells
around your body, to give them oxygen.
Exercise
Finally, when you go for a short
jog, you start breathing deeper and
That’s because your body needs more
Did you know when you exercise you
litres of air, 50 times more or
minute.
run or
faster.
oxygen.
need 3
more a
Another
system
that’s
involved
during
exercise is the Circulatory system. This
system is responsible for pumping nutrients
and oxygen to your body cells, then picks
up waste and carbon dioxide.
Heart
The heart is the most important part in the
Circulatory system. It is located in your
chest, behind your rib cage and your left
lung,
to
provide
protection. The left lung
is a bite smaller than the
right. Your heart sights
there because it is closer
to
all
your
important
organs,
your
organs
constantly need oxygen and
it’s also easier to pump
to your upper body.
The heart is the size of
its owner’s clenched fist.
It is a hollow bag, but also a muscle. It’s
red and also called the cardiac muscle or
myocardium, this muscle is special and
different to other muscles. The muscle
fibbers have a special pattern like a
spiral instead of straight, this makes it
easier to pump and squeeze.
The heart is a pump made with 4 chambers.
The left side has a left atrium that
receives oxygenated blood from the lungs,
and there is also a left ventricle that
pumps blood to the aorta, a valve called
the bicuspid valve, which sights between
the left ventricle and the left atrium to
allow blood into the left ventricle.
The right side has a right atrium that
receives deoxygenated blood from the body
and the right tricuspid valve sights
between the right atrium and the right
ventricle, which also allows blood from the
to the ventricle. The right ventricle pumps
blood to the pulmonary artery.
There are two different
kinds of nerves around
the heart. One of the
nerves
is
called
the
sympathetic Nerve, which
receives
impulses
from
the brain, that tells the
heart to beat, and also
tells the heart rate and force to increase
when needed.
The second nerve in the circulatory system
is called the parasympathetic nerve. This
nerve is a part of the braking system. The
nerve tells the heart to slow when needed.
This nerve is connected to the autonomic
system. The system works automatically
without thought.
3 Circulations
There are three circulations within the
circulatory system. The first circulation
is called the Coronary Circulation this is,
a circulation of blood to the cardiac
muscle (heart), vessels called Coronary
vessels, which carry blood around the
heart. This circulation needs oxygen and
nutrients just like different circulations,
and works automatically.
The second circulation is called the
pulmonary circulation. This circulation
carries blood to and from the heart and the
lungs.
Bronchial
circulation,
which
supplies blood to the tissue of lager
airways in the lungs.
The last circulation is called the Systemic
Circulation. The circulation sends blood
around the body and also supplies the body
with oxygen and nutrients, then takes waste
and unwanted substance away.
Blood Vessels
There are three main blood vessels called
Arteries,
Capillaries
and
Veins.
The
Arteries contain 4 main layers called
Tunica Adventitia, Tunica Media, Tunica
Intina and the Lumen. The Tunica Adventitia
is an outer layer with nerve cells, and
cotans blood vessels to supply it with
oxygen and nutrients.
Next, the Tunica media is a muscular layer,
which is like elastic. The muscular layer
is
thicker
in
the
arteries which creates
a higher pressure. The
tunica media is like
elastic so it can move
when heart the beats.
The last parts of the
Artery, is called the
Lumen. The Lumen is
the hollow centre of the vessel and ,it not
as wide as veins, so it creates a higher
pressure, which makes
around the body faster.
the
blood
travel
The third blood vessel is called the veins,
the veins have the same structure as
Arteries but there are some differences.
The leman is wider so it has a lower
pressure, it also has a thinner tunica
media. It has a muscle pump, that helps
blood move through the veins. The
veins
also contain its own valves, the valves
stop the blood from going the wrong
direction and acts like reservoirs. Valves
also allow blood to pool.
The appearance of the veins and
are a whitish colour, but as you
your skin the veins are blue,
because light can’t penetrate the
it’s like the vein is a shadow.
arteries
look at
this is
skin, so
There are three different types of blood
vessels called Arteries, Capillaries and
Veins. The arteries sit deep in the body,
so they’re protected,
Arteries job is to
transport
oxygenated
blood from the heart.
High pressure in the
Arteries
help
push
blood
through
the
Arteries
quicker,
when you pierce an Artery the blood could
probably squirt 10 meters or more. If you
put your 2 fingers on your wrist you can
fell a slight bump with every heartbeat,
but don’t use your thumb because there is a
pulse in your thumb. Arteries get smaller
and are called Arterials. The Arteries are
in the same spot in all people.
The second type of blood vessels is called
Capillaries. Capillaries allow the blood to
deposit nutrients and oxygen to cells
around the body, then trades nutrients and
oxygen for carbon dioxide and waste. The
Arteries
filter
the
blood
into
the
Capillaries for use.
The last type of blood vessels is called
the Veins. Veins are a part of the Venous
system, they only carry deoxygenated blood
to the heart. Veins are a low pressure
system and when cut it will just dribble.
From Capillaries they grow into Venues then
become Veins. Minor Veins vary from person
to person, but the main Veins are in the
same position.
There are various types of vessels around
the heart, like the Pulmonary Artery,
Pulmonary Vein, Aorta and Veana Cava. The
pulmonary Artery carries deoxygenated blood
from the right ventricle to the lungs. The
second vessel around the heart is called
the Pulmonary Vein. This vein carries
oxygenated blood from the Lungs to the
Heart. The next vessel around the heart is
called the Aorta. The Aorta is the largest
artery in the body, the Aorta takes
oxygenated from the left ventricle to the
body. The last vessel around the heart is
called Vena Cava. The Vena Cava has 2 main
parts. The first one is called Superior
Vena Cava, which returns blood from the
upper body to the heart. The second is
called the Inferior Veana Cava, which
returns blood from lower body to the heart.
Blood
There are four main parts in the blood, and
did you know blood is what heats our body.
How does blood heat our body?, well this is
how, it takes heat from busier places like,
heart, lungs and liver, then spreads it
around the body evenly.
Next, the four main parts are called red
blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
and plasma. The first part is called red
blood cells. The red cells is what makes
blood red and half of the volume of blood
is made up of billions and
billions red cells. Red
cells
in
your
body
transport
things
like
oxygen to all your cells
in your body and also
carries
carbon
dioxide
away.
The second part, is white
blood cells, the white cells are the
biggest cells in the blood. There are two
jobs that they do, they clean blood, and
fights diseases and germs.
The third part is called platelets, the
platelets are the smallest part in the
blood but there’s billions of them in the
blood. Their job is to help blood clot when
you have a cut.
The last in the blood is called the plasma.
Plasma is a watery substance that help
other parts float, plasma is what makes
blood a liquid. It carries nutrients to
cells around the body, and carries waste
substance to the kidneys. Plasma also
carries
body
control
substance
like
hormones.
Kidneys
The Kidneys are a part to
the urinary system, but
play an important part in
the
circulatory
system.
Their job is to clean the
blood and dispose of the
waist though urine.
Exercise
When you exercise your heart accelerates
which pumps faster and harder. Your heart
pumps faster because your body needs more
oxygen
and
nutrients.
Also
when
you
exercise, body cells dispose of more waste
than normal. How does your heart know when
to accelerates or slow down, well the
Sympathetic nerve is the nerve that tells
the heart to accelerate or slow down.
Another system that’s involved
during exercise is the muscular
system. This system helps you
preform simple tasks like writing
and walking. Other muscles help
you live such as the heart and
the intestines.
Types
There are three types of muscles called
Voluntary, Involuntary and Cardiac. The
first
type
of
muscle
is
called
the
Voluntary muscle, this muscle is also known
as the Skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscles
are
very
adaptable
and
are
used
in
different situations, like writing and
walking. The voluntary muscle is used to
help move your body, but only moves when
needed.
The next type of muscles are
Involuntary,
or
smooth
muscle. This type of muscle
moves
without
concise
thought and is controlled by
the
autonomic
nervous
system. The smooth muscle is
responsible for vital body
possess
like
the
heart,
breathing and digesting.
The last type of muscle is called the
Cardiac muscle, but is also known as the
heart. This type of muscle is classified as
an involuntary muscle. But this important
muscle is like a smooth muscle on the
inside, however is like a Skeletal muscle
on the outside.
Appearance
Each type of muscle has a different
appearance. The smooth muscle for example
has a smooth surface,
but he skeletal muscle
is striated.
The
Skeletal
muscles
have
a
different
structure
and
a
different
appearance.
There are more than 640
skeletal muscles in the body, making up
half of the bodies weight. This particular
muscle is red in couler because of all the
blood in the muscle fibres. There are
different layers to these muscles, under
the skin is the Superficial layer, the
second layer is called the Deeper layer,
some of the muscles have a third layer the
medical layer. Skeletal muscles come in
different shapes and sizes, but is still
the same appearance on the inside even
though it’s a different shape or size. Not
all muscles are long and slim, but there
are many other shapes like the pectorals,
they’re a fan shaped muscle. Some are broad
and wide, for example the Abdominal walls.
Interesting Facts
There are many interesting
facts about the appearance of
muscles. The Glutemas Maximus
(your but) are the biggest
muscle in your body. Thigh
muscles are 30cm in length.
Parts
Muscles
are
made
up
of
different parts, Skeletal muscles are made
up of fibres and tendons, the fibres are
bundled together. Each fibre is slightly
smaller than a hair, and are made up of
dozens of fibres called fibrils. These
fibrils are bound together by a connective
tissue called epimysium, fibres are divided
into groups by a sheath called perimysium.
Within
these
groups,
each
fibre
is
surrounded by endemism, this is also known
as
a
connective
tissue.
Every
fibre
contains thinner threads, the groups are
converts into blood vessels. Bigger muscles
around the
body have more fibres than
smaller
muscles.
Skeletal
fibres
are
striated (striped) at microscopic level.
Tendons attach muscles to the bones, and
they’re located at the end of each muscle.
This tendon is strengthened by strong thick
fibres
of
Collage.
This
fibre is stronger than super
glue.
The second muscle, is called
Smooth
muscles
are
different. Fibres in the smooth muscles are
not striated which makes them smooth.
They’re made of groups of smaller muscle
cells, this helps them to move differently.
This muscle doesn’t have tendons, so smooth
muscles can’t help move your body. The
muscle part is in the hollow structures in
your body and you need this to move them,
for example the gut and intestines.
The last muscle is the Cardiac muscle and
this is also different The fibres are a
special form of striated fibres and are
only found in the heart and adjoining
vessels. They’re arrayed in a spiral
pattern which helps to squeeze blood
through, the adjoining vessels and the
heart. This muscle has no tendons because
it is constantly moving and not connected
to any bones.
Movement
Many muscles have a different movement like
the Skeletal muscle. This muscle moves with
conscious thought and is controlled by the
brain. Firstly, you think about moving a
muscle, then your brain sends an impulse
(electric signal) along the spinal nerve
cord, then to the muscle you want to move.
When muscles contract they can’t get
longer. They contract 70% of their relaxed
length. Skeletal muscles are very adaptable
and exert a small force, for example,
picking up a feather. It also exerts a
great force, for example, picking up a
heavy object. This muscle tiers easily, and
needs a sertan period of rest. It uses
glucose (sugar) as a type of fuel. This
muscle can also reacts to certain things,
almost instantly.
Smooth muscles move in a different movement
then other muscles. This muscle functions
without thought, and is controlled by the
autonomic nervous system. These
muscles
are also involved in the regulation of your
body’s
internal
environment.
Smooth
muscles
contract
in
a
synchronised manner, they
synchronised
manner
can
accrue in a wave like
manner.
The
wave
like
manner can also occurs in
organs, such as the gut
and intestines. As this
muscle works all the time it doesn’t tier,
and keeps you steady, and also contracts
for a long period of time, examples are the
eyes controlling the size of your pupils
and lens, digestion and the muscles in your
body reacts to the hairs and sudden
touches. The muscle responds to stress, and
changes
body
function
at
different
situations, some examples are excited and
angry.
Another muscle that moves differently
is
the cardiac muscle. This muscle works
automatically even though it’s striated
like the skeletal muscles, it’s also
tireless, because it’s constantly working.
The muscle also contracts like a wave to
push blood through blood vessels. The
muscle
has
the
ability
to
contract
spontaneously. An interesting fact is, that
the heart will beat for a short time when
removed from the body.
Exercise
All three muscles are involved in exercise.
When you exercise your muscles work faster
and harder, so you constantly need to think
to move quicker. So when you exercise your
muscles use more glucose than usual,
because there using more energy. If your
muscles tier or over tier you can get a
cramp.
When
you
exercise
it’s
weights, you damage muscle
helps build bigger muscles.
healed they become more
thicker.
like
lifting
fibres which
When they’ve
stronger and
When you exercise other systems accelerate
and as you exercise, your using more energy
and
oxygen
while
you
exercise. Your heart beats
faster because your body
needs
more
oxygen
and
nutrients. They also need
to get rid of more carbon
dioxide, that’s why you
breathe a lot quicker.
All these systems are involved in exercise.
There are many more systems that are
involved
in
exercise,
like
the
integumentary system which is the system of
skin, skeletal system which helps move your
body and the nervous system which controls
everything in the body. These systems work
together all at the same time.