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CHAPTER 8
THE RISE OF
ROME
Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4
SECTION 1
ROME’S BEGINNING
PAGES 262 - 267
Look at the map:
Describe how you think Italy’s
geography might have
influenced the early history of
Rome.
Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4
ADVANTAGES OF ROME’S
GEOGRAPHY
• Central location
• 15 miles up the Tiber River- source of water
& a way to the Mediterranean world
• Far enough from sea to escape pirate raids
• Less rugged mountains, large flat plains
which made better farmland
• Built on 7 hills – easy to defend city from
enemies
• Important center for trade
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EARLY INFLUENCES:
Create a chart like the one below to show
early influences by the Greeks and the
Etruscans to the Roman civilization.
EARLY INFLUENCES
Etruscan Contributions
Greek Contributions
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EARLY INFLUENCES
ETRUSCAN CONTRIBUTIONS
• Transformed Rome into a city of wood & brick
buildings
• Laid out streets, temples, & public buildings
around a central square
• Taught the Romans to wear short cloaks and
togas
• Army served as a model for the Romans
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EARLY INFLUENCES
GREEKCONTRIBUTIONS
• Learned to grow olives and
grapes
• Adopted the Greek alphabet
• Modeled architecture,
sculpture, and literature
after them
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SECTION 1 CONTINUED:
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS BELOW:
• What is the Roman
Republic?
• How was the Roman army
changed from the Greek
army?
Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4
SECTION 1 CONTINUED:
THE BIRTH OF A REPUBLIC
WHAT IS THE ROMAN REPUBLIC?
* Form of government in which the
leader is not a king or queen, but
some one is put in office by
citizens with the right to vote.
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HOW WAS THE ROMAN ARMY
CHANGED FROM THE GREEK
ARMY?
• Reorganized soldiers into
smaller groups called legions.
• Legions are groups of 6,000
men & then those men are
divided into groups of 60-120
soldiers.
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DETERMINE THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE
TWO KINDS OF ROMAN
CITIZENS
PATRICIANS PLEBEIANS
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2 CLASSES OF ROMAN CITIZENS
PATRICIANS
• wealthy landowners,
made up Rome’s ruling
class
PLEBEIANS
• included artisans,
shopkeepers, & owners
of small farms
BOTH MEN: right to vote, responsibility to pay
taxes and serve in the army
* Patricians could ONLY hold public office *
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ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW:
• Who was Cincinnatus and why is he important?
• What was unusual about the office of Roman
dictator?
• What was Rome’s law system and why was it
important?
• Why did Rome and Carthage go to war with each
other?
Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4
* Best –known early Roman
dictator
* As dictator he was admired
by his people and even
others later on in history
(George Washington)
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Roman dictators have
complete control,
BUT they only ruled
on a temporary basis.
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* Rome’s first law system was
known as the Twelve Tables.
* Important because it is the
basis of the United States
legal system
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WHY DID ROME GO
TO WAR WITH
CARTHAGE?
* For control of Sicily- this
would mean they would
have control of the
Mediterranean Sea.
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Flow Map that depicts the events from
the start of the First Punic War to the
start of the Second Punic War
Rome built
a large fleet
Rome
defeats
Carthage at
sea
War ends in
241BC –
Rome
encouraged
Spanish to
rebel
Gained
Gained
control of
control of
Spain
Section 1 Section Sicily
2 Section 3 Section
4
TROUBLE IN
THE
REPUBLIC
Rich were
Enslaved Cities were
forcing
Dishonest Rich people
labor
becoming
owners of
officials held the
displaced overcrowded
small farms
stole money power
small
and
out of
farmers dangerous
business
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VOCABULARY
LATIFUNDIA – large farming estate
“BREAD AND CIRCUSES - cheap food
& entertainment to win the vote of
the poor
TRIUMVIRATE- political alliance of 3
people.
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1.Who was part of the first
triumvirate?
2. Describe Caesar’s reign.
3. Why did Brutus, Cassius, and
others kill Caesar?
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WHO IS PART OF THE FIRST
TRIUMVIRATE?
* Members of the
first triumvirate
were:
Crassus, Pompey,
and Julius Caesar
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 Supporters: strong
leader who brought
peace
 Enemies: feared
Caesar wanted to be
king “power hungry”
 Created the 12 month
calendar
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WHY DID BRUTUS,
CASSIUS, AND OTHERS
KILL CAESAR?
* They feared
that Caesar
wanted to be
king
* Known as the
“Ides of March”
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4. Who is part of the
Second Triumvirate?
5. What happened at
the Battle of
Actium?
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OCTAVIAN- Caesar’s grandnephew
ANTONY
-
Caesar’s top generals
LEPIDUS
Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4
* Battle at which
Octavian defeated
Antony and Cleopatra
and would lay the
foundation for a new
system of governmentThe Roman Empire
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Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4
Imagine you are a Roman citizen and have
been asked to speak at Augustus’ funeralRecognize some of Augustus’ important
accomplishments
• Began the Pax Romana- “Roman Peace”
• Created a professional army-(150,000 Roman
citizens)
• Created the Praetorian Guard- group of 9,000
men who looked after the emperor
• Rebuilt Rome with palaces, fountains, and public
buildings
• Imported grain from Africa to feed the poor
• Appointed a proconsul or governor for each of
Rome’s provinces
• Changed the tax laws
• Extended the Roman territory
• Gave rights to non-citizens / changed legal system
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DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:
• Pax Ramona
• Aqueduct
• Colosseum
1. means “Roman Peace”- A long era
peace beginning with Augustus
2. Human made channel built for
carrying water long distances
3. A huge amphitheatre
Added
more land
to the
empire
Built a
professional
army
Imported
grain
Changes
Augustus
Made
New
professional
governors
Tax collectors
were made
government
workersSection 1
Reduced
hunger
Improved
local
government
Section 2 Section 3
Increased
amount of
money
controlled by
Section
4
government
The Julio- Claudian Emperors
All came from
Augustus’ family
Tiberiuskept
Rome’s
economy
stable
Caligulamentally illPraetorian
Guard
killed him
Claudiusconquered
most of
Britain
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Nerovicious
mansaid to
have
fiddled
while
Rome
burned
Were known as the
“Good Emperors”
because during their
nearly 100 year reign
trade increased,
agriculture flourished,
and the standard of
The “Good Emperors”
All the emperors
supported public
building projects
living rose
Nervareformed
land laws
in favor
of the
poor
Trajanexpanded
the Roman
Empire to
its largest
size
Antoninus
Piuspassed laws
to help
orpahs
Marcus
HadrianAurelius
Made
- helped
Roman law
unite
easier to
the
understand
empire
–built
Hadrian’s
Wall
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