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Social Studies Study Guide: Chapter 6 *Remember to look back at class notes and the textbook to review! Section 1: The Rise of Greek Civilization (p. 168-175) Key Terms (p. 168) -peninsula: area of land nearly surrounded by water -epic: poem that tells a story -acropolis: hill -city-state: city with its own government -aristocrat: someone from a rich and powerful family -tyrant: someone who takes power by force -democracy: citizens govern themselves *Also look at the Geography Key Terms defined in your notes! Key Concepts Greece’s Geographic Setting: p. 169 -What type of landform is Greece? peninsula -What are the three types of landforms found in Greece? inlands, mountains, peninsulas -Because of Greece’s geography, what happened to its civilization? hard to communicate with each other; thought of themselves as separate countries Greek Beginnings: Minoan Civilization: p. 170 -What island were the Minoans from? Crete -Give three examples of Minoan culture. writing on clay tablets, painted palace walls, statues of goddesses The Mycenaeans: p. 171 -Where were the Mycenaeans from? mainland of Greece -Minoans gained power through trade and the Mycenaeans gained power through conquest. The Trojan War: p.171 -The Trojan War was fought between the Greeks and the Trojans (from Troy). -What did the Greeks give the Trojans as a gift that helped them win the war? a wooden horse called The Trojan Horse -Who wrote about the Trojan War? Homer -What two epics he did write? Iliad and Odysessy The Dark Ages of Greece: p. 172 -What happened to Greece after the Trojan War? collapsed -Did people still trade for food and goods? no -This period of time was known as Greece’s Dark Ages. -How did the Greeks keep traditions alive if no one was writing anymore? through oral traditions (stories told by word of mouth) -What is a “fortified hill”? acropolis City-States Develop: p. 174 -What is a “city-state”? city with its own government Aristocracy: Noble Rule: p. 174 -After Greece’s Dark Ages, what group of people were in charge? aristocrats -Define aristocrat. someone from a rich and powerful family A New Type of Ruler: p. 174 -What group of people took over after the aristocrats? tyrants -Define “tyrant”. someone who takes power by force -How did the tyrants get power? by force; through violence Democracy in Greece p. 175 -When the Greeks overthrew the tyrants, what type of government did they form? democracy -In a democratic government, who was in charge? its citizens -What two improvements did Solon make? reformed the government and economy -What did a person need in order to be an Athenian citizen? Athenian father and mother -Name three groups of people who were not considered to be citizens. women, foreigners (people not from Athens), slaves Section 2: Key Terms p. 180 -tribute: payment from smaller city-state to a bigger one -immortal: someone that lives forever -oracle: site used to “speak” to the gods -philosopher: someone who uses reason to explain natural events -tragedy: a serious play that ends in disaster Key Concepts -Athens grew rich from trade and silver mining -Payments made to Athens by other city-states = tributes -4 areas of achievement: arts, philosophy, literature, democracy -Most powerful political man = Pericles -What was an effect of city officials being paid to do their job? poor people were able to hold office -What building was constructed? Parthenon -Why would they build the Parthenon? a tribute to Athena Ancient Greek Religious Beliefs p. 184 -Who were the Twelve Gods? family of gods and goddesses Gods and Goddesses p. 182 -What was the difference between gods and humans? gods = immortal with super powers; humans = mortal and no powers -Who was the king of the gods? Zeus -Name three ways the Greeks showed appreciation towards their gods. held festivals, sacrificed animals, built temples, held the Olympic Games for Zeus The Oracles p. 183 -Why did people look for signs or advice from the gods? to be shown/told how to behave -What was the sacred site people visited to “speak” to the gods? oracles Search for Knowledge: Greek Science and Philosophy p. 184 -Philosophers believed people could use their minds to understand natural events. -Thales = water was the basic material of the world -Democritus = everything was made out of tiny particles called atoms Socrates p. 184 -What did Socrates want people to do with their own beliefs? to think and question their beliefs -What happened to Socrates? accused of dishonoring the gods, put to death Plato and Aristotle p. 185 -Plato founded a school in Athens -Aristotle = reason should guide the pursuit of knowledge Visual and Dramatic Arts: The Parthenon p. 186 -What did the Greeks build to celebrate Athena? Parthenon Dramas p. 187 -Describe what happened in a tragedy. disaster for the main character Comedies p. 187 -Describe three groups of people or ideas made fun of in comedies. well-known citizens, politicians, customs of the day Many City-States, One People p. 188 -Why did people participate in the government? they felt patriotic and valued their freedom -Who were Hellenes? all Greek people