Download Social Studies Study Guide: Chapter 6

Social Studies Study Guide: Chapter 6
*Remember to look back at class notes and the textbook to review!
Section 1: The Rise of Greek Civilization (p. 168-175)
Key Terms (p. 168)
-peninsula: area of land nearly surrounded by water
-epic: poem that tells a story
-acropolis: hill
-city-state: city with its own government
-aristocrat: someone from a rich and powerful family
-tyrant: someone who takes power by force
-democracy: citizens govern themselves
*Also look at the Geography Key Terms defined in your notes!
Key Concepts
Greece’s Geographic Setting: p. 169
-What type of landform is Greece? peninsula
-What are the three types of landforms found in Greece? inlands,
mountains, peninsulas
-Because of Greece’s geography, what happened to its
civilization? hard to communicate with each other; thought of
themselves as separate countries
Greek Beginnings: Minoan Civilization: p. 170
-What island were the Minoans from? Crete
-Give three examples of Minoan culture. writing on clay tablets,
painted palace walls, statues of goddesses
The Mycenaeans: p. 171
-Where were the Mycenaeans from? mainland of Greece
-Minoans gained power through trade and the Mycenaeans gained
power through conquest.
The Trojan War: p.171
-The Trojan War was fought between the Greeks and the Trojans
(from Troy).
-What did the Greeks give the Trojans as a gift that helped them
win the war? a wooden horse called The Trojan Horse
-Who wrote about the Trojan War? Homer
-What two epics he did write? Iliad and Odysessy
The Dark Ages of Greece: p. 172
-What happened to Greece after the Trojan War? collapsed
-Did people still trade for food and goods? no
-This period of time was known as Greece’s Dark Ages.
-How did the Greeks keep traditions alive if no one was writing
anymore? through oral traditions (stories told by word of mouth)
-What is a “fortified hill”? acropolis
City-States Develop: p. 174
-What is a “city-state”? city with its own government
Aristocracy: Noble Rule: p. 174
-After Greece’s Dark Ages, what group of people were in charge?
aristocrats
-Define aristocrat. someone from a rich and powerful family
A New Type of Ruler: p. 174
-What group of people took over after the aristocrats? tyrants
-Define “tyrant”. someone who takes power by force
-How did the tyrants get power? by force; through violence
Democracy in Greece p. 175
-When the Greeks overthrew the tyrants, what type of government
did they form? democracy
-In a democratic government, who was in charge? its citizens
-What two improvements did Solon make? reformed the government
and economy
-What did a person need in order to be an Athenian citizen?
Athenian father and mother
-Name three groups of people who were not considered to be
citizens. women, foreigners (people not from Athens), slaves
Section 2:
Key Terms p. 180
-tribute: payment from smaller city-state to a bigger one
-immortal: someone that lives forever
-oracle: site used to “speak” to the gods
-philosopher: someone who uses reason to explain natural events
-tragedy: a serious play that ends in disaster
Key Concepts
-Athens grew rich from trade and silver mining
-Payments made to Athens by other city-states = tributes
-4 areas of achievement: arts, philosophy, literature, democracy
-Most powerful political man = Pericles
-What was an effect of city officials being paid to do their job?
poor people were able to hold office
-What building was constructed? Parthenon
-Why would they build the Parthenon? a tribute to Athena
Ancient Greek Religious Beliefs p. 184
-Who were the Twelve Gods? family of gods and goddesses
Gods and Goddesses p. 182
-What was the difference between gods and humans? gods = immortal
with super powers; humans = mortal and no powers
-Who was the king of the gods? Zeus
-Name three ways the Greeks showed appreciation towards their
gods. held festivals, sacrificed animals, built temples, held the
Olympic Games for Zeus
The Oracles p. 183
-Why did people look for signs or advice from the gods? to be
shown/told how to behave
-What was the sacred site people visited to “speak” to the gods?
oracles
Search for Knowledge: Greek Science and Philosophy p. 184
-Philosophers believed people could use their minds to understand
natural events.
-Thales = water was the basic material of the world
-Democritus = everything was made out of tiny particles called
atoms
Socrates p. 184
-What did Socrates want people to do with their own beliefs? to
think and question their beliefs
-What happened to Socrates? accused of dishonoring the gods, put
to death
Plato and Aristotle p. 185
-Plato founded a school in Athens
-Aristotle = reason should guide the pursuit of knowledge
Visual and Dramatic Arts: The Parthenon p. 186
-What did the Greeks build to celebrate Athena? Parthenon
Dramas p. 187
-Describe what happened in a tragedy. disaster for the main
character
Comedies p. 187
-Describe three groups of people or ideas made fun of in
comedies. well-known citizens, politicians, customs of the day
Many City-States, One People p. 188
-Why did people participate in the government? they felt
patriotic and valued their freedom
-Who were Hellenes? all Greek people