Download Heart workbook_Nyboer

Bio 20 – Ms. Nyboer
Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, and the Heart Structure and
Function Workbook
Use your textbook (Ch. 10) and notes to fill in this workbook
Part A: Arteries, Veins, Capillaries
1.
Label the Diagram using the following terms:
artery, arterioles, vein, venules, capillaries, valve, inner wall, middle
wall, outer wall
2.
Use blue and red to indicate oxygenated blood (red), deoxygenated blood
(blue), or both.
3.
Compare the structure and function of the three types of blood vessels
Blood Vessel
Artery
Structure Description
Function
Vein
Capillary
4. Explain what happens to the blood vessels when someone blushes. Why
does this happen?
5. Are all of the capillaries open all the time? Why or why not? What
determines whether a capillary is open?
6. Explain the importance of Harvey’s theory on our knowledge of blood
today.
7. Fluid pressure is very low in the veins. Explain how blood makes its way
back to the heart.
8. How is pulse created?
9. Compare and contrast atherosclerosis and an aneurysm. Include what it
is, where it is commonly found, and what it does.
10. What are varicose veins? How are they caused? How can they be
prevented?
11. Define vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Where is this found?
12. Do all arteries carry oxygen-rich blood and all veins carry oxygendeprived blood? Explain your answer.
Part B: The Heart
1. Fill in the chart explaining the function of the structure. Remember, you
must be able to label a heart and show the direction of blood flow!
Heart Structure
Right and left atria (singular: atrium)
Function of Heart Structure
Right and left ventricles
Septum
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
Semilunar valves
2. Why are the ventricles thicker than the atria? Which ventricle is the
thickest – right or left? Why?
3. Explain the difference between the pulmonary, systemic, and coronary
circuits.
4. What is a coronary bypass? When is it used and what does it do?
5. Describe cardiac catheterization and explain its usefulness.
6. What is a myogenic muscle? Give an example.
7. Describe the pathway of nerve impulses through the heart. Refer to the
terms sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and Perkinje fibres.
8. What is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous system?
9. What is tachycardia? Why could it be dangerous?
10. Explain the terms systole and diastole.
11. What causes the “lubb-dubb” sounds of the heart?
12. What is a cause of heart murmurs?
13. Explain the differences in the strength of the pulse between the carotid
artery (neck) and the brachial artery (wrist).
14. Explain the change in pulse after exercise.
15. Explain the effect of Epinepherine on the heart and how beta blockers
work to counter this.
16. Predict some advantages and disadvantages of artificial hearts/valves
over donor hearts.
17. What is cardiac output? What is stroke volume? Show how the two
are related (formula).
18. What is hypertension?
19. How does exercise affect heart rate? How does exercise affect blood
pressure? Explain. Provide another example of something that could
affect blood pressure and heart rate and predict HOW it would change
them.
20. What two factors does blood pressure depend on?
21. How do “goosebumps” help protect against rapid cooling?
22. What behavioural adjustments affect thermoregulation?
23. What sets the heart beat/rate and where is it located? What other
name is it known as?
24. Follow the travel of the nerve excitation through the heart (use the
words sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, Purkinje fibres) and explain
their role in heart contraction.
Part C – Capillary Beds and Lymph Nodes
1. What two factors regulate the exchange of fluid between capillaries and
ECF?
2. Use the capillary exchange model to explain how the body maintains
equilibrium following a hemorrhage.
3. Why does a low concentration of plasma protein cause edema?
4. What are lymph vessels and how are they related to the circulatory
system?
5. What is lymph? How is lymph transported in the body? Where does
lymph eventually go?
6. Why are the lymphocytes important to the immune system?
7. What is the importance of the spleen?
Chapter 10 Review: pp. 345-347 #1-19
Extra Activities
1.
Label the parts of the heart with the words listed:
Right atrium
Pulmonary artery
Tricuspid valve
Left atrium
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary valve
Right ventricle
Superior vena cava
Mitral valve
Left ventricle
Inferior vena cava
Aortic valve
Aorta
Descending aorta
Septum
2. Lightly shade the sections blue that transport blood carrying carbon
dioxide to the lungs. Lightly shade the sections red that carry blood with
a fresh supply of oxygen from the lungs to the body.
3. Draw arrows on the heart diagram showing the path blood takes on its
journey through the heart.