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1 AFTER THE FALL 2 500-1200 Chaos to order Shellie Hochstadt Course layout 3 Week 1: introduction, Byzantine Empire, Western Europe 500-800 Week 2: finish Western Europe and Islamic Caliphate 500-800 Week 3: 800-1000 Politics and religion in all locations, Spain Week 4: 800-1000 Social structures, technology and trade Week 5 and 6: 1000-1200, political, religious and social culminating with the Crusades Middle Ages 4 three heirs to Rome: Byzantine Empire, Islamic Empire, and Western Europe Great diversity within the time frame of 500 to 1200 in Western Europe: Early, High and Late Middle Ages Medieval another term Middle Ages coined in 1700 to refer to the “dark ages” between classical cultures and empires and the Renaissance void from the loss of the Roman Empire: loss of trade, coinage, language, literacy and law Roman Empire circa 200 CE 5 6 7 8 After the Fall of Rome 9 power void in sections of the Mediterranean Byzantines control the Eastern Mediterranean, but will see it reduced Western Europe has no organized law, government, coinage, trade or language North Africa is a power void initially filled by the Vandals disintegration of the Roman world how does it rebuild? Byzantine Empire 500-800 10 Byzantines continue the legacy of Eastern Roman rule Greek speaking called Roman Emperors called Roman Emperors use Rome law coupled with intense religion Constantinople is the capital Christian monarchy than can challenge Sassanids very wealthy heirs to Rome most famous Emperor is Justinian 11 12 Justinian 527-565 married to Theodora under General Belisarius defeat Vandals in No. Africa temporarily take parts of Italy 552 cannot hold the gains devastation from the plague bankrupt from the wars creates Justinian’s Code of Law based on Roman Law which will be the bases for all continental Europe Justinian and Build large monumental art including Hagia Sophia dome is 107 feet in diameter and 180 feet high arches supporting the dome, ingenious structure plain on the outside and highly decorated inside becomes a mosque in 1453 Greek fire is used in 672 incendiary weaponry with a pressurized nozzle stays flaming on water used for successive centuries protective walls 13 14 15 Leo III 16 opposed by the Pope (Bishop of Rome) opens a serious breach between the two religious groups Western Pope sees icons as worship of the saints 17 opens a serious breach between the two religious groups Western Pope sees icons as worship of the saints Pope’s validation is from St. Peter’s and St. Paul’s bones in Rome Pope will seek support for icons from the Franks deepens the break between Orthodox and Catholic Christians Iconist vs Iconoclasts 18 fight lasts for 100 years Orthodoxy turns to traditionalism change between two groups Eastern Orthodox see sin=ignorance=contemplation=illumination Western Roman Catholic see sin=vice=salvation through good works Political and Social Scholarship = classicism= allowed for and used Ancient Greek writings revered and taught along side Christianity philosophy, mathematics, medicine, literature very educated laity that created a strong bureaucracy also educated women women physicians 19 20 strong commerce and trade vital trade route for Eastern goods wealthy society Antioch and Thessalonica are two important cities in addition to Constantinople coinage in silver and gold stop the expansion from the East into the Europe from 610-1071 stop the Persians in 614 stop the Arabs 650 will be defeated by the Seljuk Turks in 1071for some lands, Constantinople holds until 1453 Regime changes are difficult since the Emperor is “similar to God” “byzantine” intrigue for internal changes summary 20 “byzantine” intrigue for internal changes summary Orthodox Christians emerging as something different from Roman Christians wealthy, strong trade system inheritors of Rome function under a Roman imperial system use Classicism as scholastic underpinning although they try to retake areas in the West they ultimately function in the Eastern Mediterranean