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Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Populations and Communities ■ Chapter Test Populations and Communities ____ 1. competition ____ 2. population ____ 3. abiotic factors ____ 4. mutualism ____ 5. carrying capacity ____ 6. ecosystem ____ 7. species ____ 8. limiting factors a. The largest population that an environment can support b. A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither helped nor harmed c. An interaction in which one organism kills and eats another organism d. All the members of one species in a particular area ____ 9. commensalism e. Environmental conditions that cause populations to decrease ____ 10. community f. The nonliving parts of an ecosystem ____ 11. biotic factors g. Behaviors and physical characteristics of species that allow them to live successfully in their environment ____ 12. adaptations ____ 13. predation h. A group of organisms that are physically similar and can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce i. All the different populations that live together in an area j. A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit k. The struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources l. The living parts of an ecosystem m. All the living and nonliving things that interact in a particular area True or False If the statement is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. ____ 14. If a population is very large or spread out, ecologists use the sampling method to estimate the population’s size. ____ 15. All the different species living in an area form a population. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Populations and Communities Matching Match each term with its correct definition. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line. Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Populations and Communities ■ Chapter Test ____ 16. An organism’s specific role in its habitat is called its niche. ____ 17. Every organism has a variety of habitats that enable it to live successfully in its environment. ____ 18. Water, sunlight, and oxygen are examples of abiotic factors in ecosystems. Problems Solve the following problems. Show all your work. 19. Students counted 45 sand crabs in a 5-meter by 3-meter section of a beach. What was the population density of sand crabs in that section? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 20. The entire beach measured 40 meters by 15 meters. Estimate the total population of sand crabs on the entire beach. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Essay Answer each of the following items in the spaces provided. 21. Use an example to explain how a limiting factor can prevent a population from increasing indefinitely. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 22. Identify one example of parasitism, and describe the interaction between the two species. Explain why parasites usually do not kill their hosts. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Populations and Communities ■ Chapter Test Pheasant Population Number of Pheasants per Square Kilometer 50 40 30 20 10 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 Year 23. Interpreting Graphs How did the pheasant population change between year 1 and year 10? How did the population change between year 10 and year 18? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 24. Inferring What might be some possible explanations for the change that occurred between year 10 and year 18? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 25. Predicting In the winter of year 25, a family of coyotes made its way to the island over the frozen lake. What do you think will happen to the pheasant population, and why? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Populations and Communities Using Science Skills Pheasants were introduced onto an island. The graph below shows what happened to the pheasant population over a 25-year period. Use the graph to answer Questions 23–25. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Populations and Communities ■ Chapter Test Populations and Communities (continued) Using Science Skills The table below shows the populations of mallard ducks, snapping turtles, and raccoons living in and around a pond. Snapping turtles prey on ducklings. Raccoons prey on duck eggs and turtle eggs. 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Mallard ducks 47 52 48 50 55 62 52 Raccoons 20 22 24 23 8 4 9 Snapping turtles 5 6 5 8 15 24 12 Number of Animals 60 50 40 30 20 10 1988 1989 1990 1991 Year 1992 1993 1994 26. Graphing On the graph above, plot the total populations of ducks, turtles, and raccoons each year. Use a different color for each population. Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 27. Interpreting Graphs In what year did a sudden change occur in the sizes of all three populations? What happened to the size of each population? 28. Inferring What can you infer from the data about the types of interactions between mallard ducks, raccoons, and snapping turtles? Explain your answer. Essay Answer each of the following items on a separate sheet of paper. 29. What do you think caused the sudden change in the population sizes you graphed in item 26 above? Explain your answer. 30. Some prey species blend with their surroundings. Other prey species are brightly colored. Explain why these different defenses help both kinds of species to survive. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.