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Transcript
“The niche of an organism depends not only on where it lives but also on what it does. It may be said that the habitat is the organism's ‘address’, and the niche is its ‘profession’, biologically speaking.” Odum - Fundamentals of Ecology Habitat vs. Niche Niche - the role a species plays in a community (job) -Ex: a honey bees niche (job) is to pollinate flowers to make honey Habitat- the place in which an organism lives out its life (address) -Ex: the honey lives in the bee hive, is in the forest. which Survival Relationships In Ecology SYMBIOSIS Studies have shown that most species survive because of the relationships they have with other species The relationship in which there is a close association between organisms of different species is called symbiosis Symbiotic Relationships Biotic (LIVING) factors in an ecosystem interact in 2 major ways 1. Symbiotic Relationships 2. Feeding Relationships Symbiosis- two species living together 3 Types of symbiosis: 1. Mutualism 2. Commensalism 3. Parasitism Symbiotic Relationships Mutualismbeneficial to both species (it is GOOD for both) Ex. cleaning birds and cleaner shrimp Symbiotic Relationships Mutualismbeneficial to both species Ex. lichen Symbiotic Relationships Commensalismone species benefits and the other is not harmed or helped Ex. orchids on a tree Epiphytes: A plant, such as a tropical orchid or a bromeliad, that grows on another plant upon which it depends for mechanical support but not for nutrients. Also called aerophyte, air plant. Symbiotic Relationships Commensalismone species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped Ex. polar bears and cyanobacteria Symbiotic Relationships Parasitism- parasite-host One organism benefits and the other is harmed The parasite attacks while the organism is still LIVING Ex. fleas, ticks,tapeworm What type of Symbiosis is pictured? What type of Symbiosis is pictured? What type of Symbiosis is pictured? What type of relationship is pictured? Autotrophs Use energy from the sun to make their food. Also called Producers Examples: Plants Autotrophs or Producers Heterotrophs Organisms that do not make their own food Also called a Consumer Consume to live other organisms in order Ex. Rabbits, Deer, Lions, Humans Heterotrophs Feeding Relationships Consumer Organisms that eat (consume) other organisms for energy (animals) 4 types of heterotrophs/consumers: Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Decomposers Feeding Relationships ConsumersHerbivores Eat only plants What is the Niche of a Herbivore? Feeding Relationships ConsumersCarnivores Eat only meat What is the Niche of a Carinvore? Feeding Relationships ConsumerOmnivores -eat both plants and animals Feeding Relationships ConsumerDecomposers Eats dead and decaying matter. Returns matter to the soil. What is the Niche of a Decomposer? Scavengers Scavenger: Organism eats the remains of a dead animal after another has already killed it Predator - Prey PREDATION (Predator – Prey): Organisms that hunt and kill another organism for food As the PREY increase, so does the PREDATOR. When the PREY decreases, so does the PREDATOR. How are PREDATION and PARASITISM Different? Both relationships are GOOD for one organism and BAD for the other BUT: Predation = the harmed organism is DEAD when it is harmed Parasitism = the harmed organisms is ALIVE when it is harmed