Download HighFour General Sciences Round 6 Category A: Grades 4 – 5

HighFour General Sciences Category A: Grades 4 – 5 Round 6 Tuesday, February 23, 2016 The use of calculator is not required. Answer #1: Explanation: Answer #2: Explanation: Answer #3: Explanation: Answer #4: Explanation: Answer #5: Explanation: A The summer solstice occurs when the tilt of a planet's semi-­‐axis, in either northern or southern hemispheres, is most inclined toward the star that it orbits. Earth's maximum axial tilt toward the Sun is 23° 26'. June Solstice: Longest and Shortest Day of the Year. The June solstice is the Summer Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and the Winter Solstice the Southern Hemisphere. The date varies between June 20 and June 22, depending on the year, and which time zone you are in.
B Circumpolar (of a star or motion) means it is above the horizon at all times in a given latitude.
A Constellations in the northern circumpolar sky include Auriga, Camelopardalis, Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Draco, Lynx, Perseus, Ursa Major (aka Big Dipper), and Ursa Minor (aka Little Dipper). These constellations are always visible in the night sky of the Northern Hemisphere. A The word crescent refers to the phases where the moon is less than half illuminated. The word gibbous refers to phases where the moon is more than half illuminated. Waxing essentially means "growing" or expanding in illumination, and waning means "shrinking" or decreasing in illumination. C There are eight different phases that an observer on Earth would see during one month. They are, listed in order of appearance, New Moon, New Crescent, First Quarter, New Gibbous, Full Moon, Old Gibbous, Last Quarter, and Old Crescent.
HighFour General Sciences Category A: Grades 4 – 5 Round 6 Tuesday, February 23, 2016 The use of calculator is not required. Answer #6: Explanation: Answer #7: Explanation: Answer #8: Explanation: Answer #9: Explanation: Answer #10: Explanation: C The biggest planet in the Solar System is Jupiter measuring 142,984 km across its equator. A Constellations seem to move across the sky because the earth rotates on its axis. D Mars is often called the 'Red Planet' because it appears in the sky as an orange-­‐red star. The color caused the ancient Greeks and Romans to name it after their god of war. Today, thanks to visiting spacecraft, we know that the planet's appearance is due to rust in the Martian rocks. B Geologists classify rocks into three basic groups based on how they were formed in nature. These groups are called sedimentary (formed at the surface of the earth, either on land or in water), igneous (formed from melted rock that has cooled and solidified), and sedimentary rocks that derived from mud). A The energy in coal comes from energy that was stored in giant plants that lived hundreds of millions of years ago in swamp forests, even before the dinosaurs! When these giant plants and ferns died, they formed layers at the bottom of the swamps. Water and dirt began to pile up on top of the dead plant remains.
HighFour General Sciences Category A: Grades 4 – 5 Round 6 Tuesday, February 23, 2016 The use of calculator is not required. Answer #11: Explanation: Answer #12: Explanation: Answer #13: Explanation: Answer #14: Explanation: Answer #15: Explanation: D Igneous rocks can be classified into two main categories: intrusive and extrusive. Intrusive rocks come from magma. They cool slowly deep in Earth's crust. Extrusive igneous rocks come from lava.
C In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, then transport it away to another location.
C Rocks are made of minerals. Only a few minerals are rock forming and most rock is made from a combination of the commonest of these such as feldspars, quartz, mica, olivine, calcite, pyroxene and amphiboles. Most other minerals, of which there are over 3000 different types, are rarely present in quantities large enough to be considered rock forming. A Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form". The original rock (protolith) is subjected to heat (temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C) and pressure (1500 bars), causing profound physical and/or chemical change.
A The lines of magnetic field from a bar magnet form closed lines. By convention, the field direction is taken to be outward from the North pole and in to the South pole of the magnet. Permanent magnets can be made from ferromagnetic materials.
HighFour General Sciences Category A: Grades 4 – 5 Round 6 Tuesday, February 23, 2016 The use of calculator is not required. Answer #16: Explanation: Answer #17: Explanation: Answer #18: Explanation: Answer #19: Explanation: Answer #20: Explanation: A A magnetic field is the magnetic effect of electric currents and magnetic materials. The magnetic field at any given point is specified by both a direction and a magnitude (or strength); as such it is a vector field.
B Magnetism is one aspect of the combined electromagnetic force. It refers to physical phenomena arising from the force caused by magnets, objects that produce fields that attract or repel other objects.
B Due to this difference, ferritic stainless steels are generally magnetic while austenitic stainless steels usually are not. A ferritic stainless steel owes its magnetism to two factors: its high concentration of iron and its fundamental structure. B Magnetic field strength is one of two ways that the intensity of a magnetic field can be expressed. Technically, a distinction is made between magnetic field strength H, measured in amperes per meter (A/m), and magnetic flux density B, measured in Newton-­‐meters per ampere (Nm/A), also called teslas (T). D In order to provide energy to a light bulb we need to have a source of electricity.