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BODY SYSTEMS 3 YEAR 8 SCIENCE NAME: ______________ FORM: ___ Essential Questions: How is the whole greater than the sum of its parts? How are cells able to perform specialized functions? How do human organs/systems compare with those of other organisms? How do organisms reproduce? How have Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology changed the future? What are the ethical concerns associated with Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology? Things you need to know/do: The names and functions of the organ systems in a multicellular organism - skeletal, muscular, reproductive & The structure and function of each organ in a variety of systems Specialized cells/tissues involved in each organ Different organisms have different organs, depending on their needs: - digestive system in herbivores & carnivores DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ORGANS ? PATHWAY ? PURPOSE ? Structures of the digestive system: Pathway through the digestive system: Pathway through the digestive system: To _________________________________________________________ that we have consumed into ________________ molecules The smaller molecules are needed so that: 1. We can ________________________________ the lining of the ________________ and into our ___________________________ 2. We can use them to ______________ our own _____________ molecules Fun facts about the digestive system: We eat about ______________________________ per year. We produce _______________________________ each day. In the mouth, food is either ________________ or ________________ to a more suitable temperature. The oesophagus is approximately ________________. ___________________________________________________________ to move the food down the oesophagus. This means that food would get to a person's stomach, even if they were standing on their head. In an average person, it takes ________________ for food to travel down the food pipe, ________________ in small intestine and ________________ in the large intestine. The human body takes ________________ to digest a high fat meal and takes ________________ for a carbohydrate meal. Every day ________________ of digested food, liquids and digestive juices flow through the digestive system, but only ________________ is lost in faeces. NAME THAT MUSCLE! Anus Appendix Gall bladder Large intestine Liver Mouth Oesophagus Pancreas Rectum Salivary glands Small intestine Stomach The beginning... What do we need to begin digestion? o ________________ o ________________ – These structures facilitate ____________________________ – The food is ________________ ________________ into smaller pieces by our teeth which are attached and moved by to our jaw. o ________________ o ________________ o ________________ Saliva begins the process of ________________ ________________, as well as providing ________________ that will help your food begin to break down. Chemical digestion involves ________________. These are special chemicals that help chemical reactions occur at a ________________ rate. Saliva contains ________________ ________________ – an enzyme that helps the larger ________________ molecules (eg. ________________) break down into smaller ________________ (eg. ________________). The oesophagus Food is now ________________ and ________________ by saliva and is pushed back by the ________________. We ________________, and the food goes into the oesophagus. The ________________ that surround this tube contract to push the food into the stomach. These contractions are called ________________ and they are powerful enough to allow us to swallow even if lying down — or upside down. The stomach A temporary food ________________________________. It can expand to hold 2-4Ls of food. ________________ movements in the stomach wall ________________ the food with ________________ ________________. Gastric juice contains ________________ which help to break down ________________. The stomach also contains _______________________________________, which ____________________ and provides a ________________ ________________ for protein digestion. o eg. the enzyme ________________ for protein breakdown _________________________ in very ________________ conditions The small intestine A tube about 6m long. Food moves through it by ________________. It makes more ________________ to complete digestion. Here, ________________ are absorbed into your ________________. The blood then carries the nutrients to all of the ________________ of your body, where they will be ________________ to make our own ________________ molecules. The ________________, ________________ and ____________________ are all connected to the small intestine. The small intestine is lined by tiny finger-like projections called ________________. The outer layer of cells lining each villi (called ________________________) are covered in similar structures called ________________ Why do you think that the small intestine needs the villi and microvilli? The pancreas Makes pancreatic juice, which is ________________ or ________________ so it ________________ the stomach acid. The pancreas also makes ________________ that break down ________________, ________________ and ________________. The liver The largest internal organ. It makes ________________, which breaks down ________________ It also ______________________________________________ It ________________ ________________ and ________________ – like ________________! It also stores ________________, ________________ and ___________. The gall bladder ________________ made in the liver is ________________ here. The bile is used to ________________________________ into ________________ small enough to be transported to the rest of the body. This bile can sometimes form ________________ and cause severe pain. In this case, the individual would need to ________________ their ________________________________, and possibly have to have their gall bladder ________________. The large intestine The large intestine is also known as the ________________. ________________ material passes into the large intestine and moves along by ________________. The large intestine ________________ ________________, ________________, ________________ and any remaining _____________ so that they can be reused by the body. The colon sits in an ________________________________ across your belly The appendix This organ is attached to the ________________ ________________. It used to be involved in _________________________________________ and other plant materials back in the day... But now it ________________________________ in digestion in humans. However, it is believed to play a role in fighting some ________________. The rectum and anus Rectum: o The final part of the ________________ intestine. o This is where the ________________ are ________________. Anus: o The faeces ________________ through here when you go to the ________________. What can do wrong? Heartburn Diverticulosis Inflammatory bowel disease Gallstones Irritable bowel syndrome Haemorrhoids Appendicitis Pancreatitis Constipation Peptic ulcer Crohn’s disease What to do now? From the dinner plate to sewerage system - Watch the video (in PowerPoint or through the eBook) and answer the worksheet. The worksheet can be accessed through the eBook and has also been saved on the STL Leaning Link. SQ8 p153 - Q1, 5, 6, 8 SQ8 p157 - Q1, 2, 4, 11 SQ8 Workbook – Worksheet 4.6