Download BIOL 103, Midterm 3-‐2 I

Name: Student ID: BIOL 103, Midterm 3-­‐2 I, ___________________________________________________________ (print your full name), will not copy, cheat, and/or assist other student(s) on this exam. If I do, I understand that I will receive O for this exam and may be reported to the School Administration. Multiple Choice (60 points): ________ Extra Credit: _________ Total: _________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ (Signature of Student) 1 BIOL 103 Midterm 3-­‐2, Spring 2016 Choose the letter that best answers the question. Chapter 7: Vitamins 1. Which nutrient is most likely to travel through the lymphatic system? a. Vitamin C b. Vitamin E c. Vitamin B12/Cobalamin d. Potassium e. Magnesium 2. Which of the following are factors affects vitamin content in food? a. Moisture and soil conditions b. Sunlight c. Plant’s maturity at harvest d. Packaging and storage e. All of the above factors affect vitamin content in food. 3. Which of the following vitamin is more vulnerable to cooking losses? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin K e. Vitamin B2/Riboflavin 4. Adding fiber that was lost during food processing to orange juice is an example of: a. Fortification b. Pasteurization c. Enrichment d. Modification e. Supplementation 5. Which of the following is an example of a pro-­‐vitamin? a. Calcitriol/25(OH)D b. Alpha-­‐tocopherol c. Retinoic acid d. Beta-­‐carotene e. Retinol 2 6. Which nutrient is NOT a coenzyme to energy metabolism? a. Thiamin/B1 b. Riboflavin/B2 c. Niacin/B3 d. Vitamin B9/Folate e. All of the above vitamins are coenzymes to energy metabolism. 7. Which nutrient deficiency can lead to microcytic hypochromic anemia? a. Iron b. Vitamin B6/Pyridozine c. Vitamin B9/Folate d. Vitamin B12/Cobalamin e. Both A and B 8. Which vitamin, if consumed in high amounts during pregnancy, can be a teratogen? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B5/Pantothenic Acid c. Vitamin B7/Biotin d. Vitamin D e. Vitamin E 9. Strict vegans are at higher risks for deficiency of which vitamin? a. Vitamin K b. Vitamin B1/Thiamin c. Vitamin B6/Pyridoxine d. Vitamin B9/Folate e. Vitamin B12/Cobalamin 10. Toxicity of which nutrient can result in the following symptoms: diarrhea, falling blood pressure, and fishy body odor? a. Choline b. Vitamin B5/Pantothenic acid c. Selenium d. Iron e. Sulfur 11. Which vitamin can be made from the amino acid tryptophan (hint: turkey)? a. Thiamin/B1 b. Riboflavin/B2 c. Niacin/B3 d. Pantothenic acid/B5 e. Biotin/B7 3 12. Pellagra is classically described by the “four Ds.” Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Pellagra? a. Dermatitis b. Dizziness c. Diarrhea d. Dementia e. Ultimately, death 13. As discussed in class, which of the following is the main, physiologically active form of Vitamin A? a. Retinol b. Retinal c. Retinoic acid d. Retinoids e. Beta-­‐carotene 14. Which of the following nutrient does not have a direct role in bone health? a. Vitamin D b. Vitamin K c. Calcium d. Phosphorous e. Potassium 15. Which of the following CANNOT occur in people with vitamin D deficiency? a. Rickets b. Osteomalacia c. Osteoporosis d. Hypercalcemia e. All of the above can occur in people with vitamin D deficiency. 16. Which of the following is NOT a good source of carotenoids? a. Carrots b. Sweet Potatoes c. Apricot d. Tomatoes e. Red eyed salmon 17. Without __________ in your diet, you would have to consume both essential and non-­‐essential amino acids. a. Vitamin B2/Riboflavin b. Vitamin B5/Pantothenic acid c. Vitamin B6/Pyridoxine d. Vitamin B7/Biotin e. Vitamin B9/Folate 4 18. Major sources of ________ include: dairy products, egg yolk, sunlight. a. Thiamin/B1 b. Niacin/B3 c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin D e. Vitamin K 19. Which of the following disease is associated with a vitamin C deficiency? a. Pellagra b. Beriberi c. Scurvy d. Rickets e. Ariboflavinosis 20. Overconsumption of which vitamin may cause GI distress? a. Vitamin B1/Thiamin b. Vitamin B2/Riboflavin c. Vitamin B7/Biotin d. Vitamin B12/Cobalamin e. Vitamin C/Ascorbic acid 21. Vitamin E is stored mainly in… a. Bones b. Body Fat c. Muscle d. Kidneys e. Blood 22. Which vitamin can be made from gut bacteria? a. Thiamin/B1 b. Riboflavin/B2 c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin K e. Vitamin C 23. Which disease is associated with a vitamin B1/thiamin deficiency? a. Pellagra b. Beriberi c. Scurvy d. Rickets e. Ariboflavinosis 5 24. Which of the following is NOT a function of Vitamin A? a. Eye maintenance b. Help produce immune cells c. Embryo development d. Skin turnover e. Blood clotting 25. Supplementation of which B vitamin may mask vitamin B12/cobalamin deficiency? a. Vitamin B2/Riboflavin b. Vitamin B3/Niacin c. Vitamin B6/Pyridoxine d. Vitamin B7/Biotin e. Vitamin B9/Folate 26. Imagine that you are a health professional. Your patient, Jenny, has enlarged red blood cells and informs you that she feels tingling/burning sensation in her toes and fingers. You mentally note that she may be experiencing partial nerve damage. Based on her symptoms, which of the following supplement(s) would you recommend for Jenny? a. Vitamin E b. Vitamin B6/Pyridoxine c. Vitamin B9/Folate d. Vitamin B12/Cobalamin e. Both C and D 27. Autoimmune diseases that damage stomach cells have been associated to reduced production of intrinsic factor, eventually leading to pernicious anemia. Which vitamin requires the help of intrinsic factor in order to absorb into our small intestine? a. Vitamin B1/Thiamin b. Vitamin B3/Niacin c. Vitamin B6/Pyridoxine d. Vitamin B9/Folate e. Vitamin B12/Cobalamin 28. Which nutrient does NOT have and/or support antioxidant activity? a. Carotenoids b. Vitamin E c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin B2/riboflavin e. All of the above have and/or support antioxidant activity 6 29. Which nutrient does NOT help lower risk for heart disease? (hint: think of homocysteine) a. Vitamin B3 b. Vitamin B6 c. Vitamin B9 d. Vitamin B12 e. Choline 30. Supplemental companies may market “health boosters” and “vitamin-­‐like substances” such as hesperidin and pangamic acid. Your textbook refers to these unnecessary substances found in these supplements as _______. a. Home remedies b. Healing herbs c. Bogus vitamins d. Health enhancers e. Avidin Chapter 8: Minerals 31. Which of the following is NOT a function of water? a. pH balance (acidity vs. alkalinity) b. Body fluids c. Chemical reactions d. Cooling e. All of the above are functions of water. 32. According to your textbook, osmosis is the movement of a solvent, such as water, from concentrated/high to dilute/low side until the concentrations inside and outside the cells are equal. a. True b. False 33. Chloride (Cl-­‐) is an example of negative electrolyte, otherwise known as… a. Cation b. Anion c. Proton d. Neutron e. Electron 34. The continuous loss of body water by evaporation from lungs and diffusion through skin is also known as… a. Insensible water losses b. Osmosis c. Diffusion d. Sweating e. Excretion 7 35. Which of the following factors contributes to water losses: a. Living in humid Florida b. Living in low altitude c. Consuming low protein foods d. Having a cold or a flu e. All of the above factors contribute to water losses. 36. Which of the following hormones are responsible for stimulating the kidney for conserve water? a. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) b. Aldosterone c. Calcitonin d. Parathyroid hormone e. Only A and B 37. Which of the following would a health professional recommend to treat dehydration? a. Alcohol b. Lots of coffee c. Diuretics d. Mineral water e. Deionized water 38. Which of the following is TRUE about macrominerals and microminerals? a. Macrominerals are necessary in your diet, but microminerals are not necessary. b. Minerals are organic. c. Minerals can be easily destroyed by heat or acidity. d. Both macrominerals and microminerals are micronutrients. e. All of the above statements are true. 39. Which of the following factors does NOT affect mineral absorption? a. Length and health of one’s GI tract b. Mineral status in the individual’s body c. Amount of phytates in one’s diet d. Megadosing with a specific mineral supplementation e. If food source is not organic, minerals are more difficult to absorb. 8 40. In general, because of their functions, macromineral status plays critical parts in which of the following chronic diseases? a. Hypertension (high blood pressure) b. Osteoporosis c. Diabetes d. Only A and B e. All of the above 41. Which of the following minerals plays a role in nerve impulse transmission? a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Calcium d. Only A and B e. All of the above 42. Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium? a. Primarily a component of vitamins and amino acids b. Muscle contraction c. Bone structure d. Cell signaling for blood clotting e. Nerve impulse transmission 43. Which of the following factors reduces blood calcium? a. Calcitriol b. Parathyroid hormone c. Calcitonin d. Only A and B e. Only B and C 44. Which of the following is TRUE about oxalates? a. Oxalates tend to bind to calcium and increase their absorption b. Food sources that are high in oxalate include high fiber foods such as whole grains, rye and oats. c. Oxalates tend to bind to calcium and non-­‐heme iron, inhibiting their absorption. d. Only A and B e. All of the above are true about oxalates. 45. What type of diet is recommended for someone with high blood pressure? a. Foods that are high in sodium, and high in potassium b. Foods that are high in sodium, but low in potassium c. Foods that are low in sodium, but high in potassium d. Foods that are low in sodium, and low in potassium e. None of the above is recommended for someone with high blood pressure. 9 46. Which of the following enhance iron absorption? a. Phytate b. Calcium c. Zinc d. Copper e. Vitamin C 47. Your friend, Ruby, complains to you that she has trouble chewing hard food. You notice discoloration and tiny specks on her teeth. She most likely has fluorosis. Your friendly advice to Ruby is… a. Reduce intake of multivitamins b. Increase intake of multivitamins c. Increase intake of mineral supplements d. Temporarily avoid fluoridated toothpastes and mouthwashes e. Drink fluoridated water 48. Which of the following can inhibit selenium absorption in the intestine? a. Phytates b. Vitamin A c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin E e. All of the above interferes with selenium absorption in the intestine. 49. Which of the following mineral could a person develop toxicity via air pollutants? a. Manganese b. Fluoride c. Copper d. Magnesium e. Phosphorous 50. Which of the following factors can contribute to formations of goiter? a. Iodine deficiency b. Iodine toxicity c. Selenium deficiency d. Only A and B e. All of the factors above can contribute to goiter formations. 51. Which mineral deficiency does NOT increase an individual’s risks for cancer? a. Copper b. Manganese c. Selenium d. Zinc e. Deficiencies in all of the above minerals can increase one’s risk for cancer. 10 52. Hydroxyapatite is a crystalline mineral compound made up of _______________. a. Calcium b. Phosphorous c. Vitamin D d. Only A and B e. All of the above 53. Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to iron loss? a. Digestive disorders b. Feces, sweat, and skin cells turnover c. Heavy menstruation/period d. Rapid growth period from infant to childhood e. All of the above contribute to iron loss. 54. Which of the following minerals help proteins maintain their functional shape? a. Calcium b. Iron c. Sulfur d. Magnesium e. Iodine 55. What is the main difference between hemoglobins and myoglobins? a. Hemoglobins are mostly found in animals, while myoglobin are found in plants. b. Hemoglobins carry oxygen in blood, while myoglobins act as a localized oxygen reserve for muscles. c. Hemoglobins require iron, while myoglobins do not. d. Hemoglobins deliver oxygen to tissues, while myoglobins bring carbon dioxide to the lungs. e. Only A and B are true. 56. Which of the following is FALSE about heme iron and non-­‐heme iron? a. Plant foods provide only non-­‐heme iron. b. Meat can contain both non-­‐heme and heme-­‐iron. c. Non-­‐heme iron absorbs better than heme-­‐iron d. Non-­‐heme iron is iron that is not part of hemoglobin or myoglobin e. Vegetarians tend to eat more non-­‐heme iron than heme-­‐iron 57. Too much zinc can cause deficiency in which mineral? a. Iron b. Copper c. Selenium d. Only A and B e. Only A and C 11 58. Which mineral would be potentially beneficial to patients with type II diabetes because of ability to enhance insulin to move glucose into cells? a. Manganese b. Zinc c. Chromium d. Sulfur e. Selenium 59. Austin shows signs of anemia, but does have sufficient iron in his diet. He does not seem to have problems absorbing iron either. As a health professional who has studied nutrition, you believe that his anemia might be related to _________ deficiency, which can explain why he has problems transporting iron via transferrin to the rest of his body. a. Zinc b. Manganese c. Chromium d. Copper e. Molybdenum 60. Which mineral would you most likely not see in dietary supplements because adult doses can potentially poison children? a. Zinc b. Iron c. Selenium d. Manganese e. Copper 12