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ABS Mitosis Vs. Meiosis Notes _______/100pts What is Mitosis and Meiosis? What are the steps of mitosis? What happens during Mitosis Interphase? What happens during Mitosis Prophase? What happens during Mitosis Metaphase? What happens during Mitosis Anaphase? What happens during Mitosis Telophase? What is Cytokinesis? Name: ______________________________________ Date: ________________Period: _________________ Mitosis and Meiosis • Mitosis: -division of __________ (body) cells • Meiosis -division of ___________ (sex cells) I. Steps of mitosis • Interphase • ___________ • Metaphase • ________________ • Telophase (& cytokenesis) II. Interphase • Cell goes through its regular functions • Visible _____________, nuclear envelope and nucleolus III. Prophase • DNA inside the cell condenses and makes visible ____________ • Nucleus begins to disappear • Spindle ____________ begin to form IV. Metaphase • Chromosomes line up along the center (equator) of the cell • This step is “____________ ___________” and makes sure each chromosome divides equally V. Anaphase • Chromosomes split apart to become sister ____________ • Sister chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell VI. Telophase • Chromosomes arrive at _____________ ends of the cell • Chromosomes ____________ and begin to uncoil • Nuclear ______________ begins to reform • Spindle fibers _____________ Cytokinesis • The division of the cell ____________ that usually follows mitotic or meiotic division of the nucleus. What is a diploid cell? What is a haploid cell? What are the characteristics of meiosis? What happens during Meiosis Interphase? What happens during Meiosis Prophase I? What happens when crossing over occurs in Prophase I? What happens during Meiosis Metaphase I? What happens during Meiosis Anaphase I? General Definitions • ________ – normal number of chromosomes in a body cell after mitosis (2n) o Example: Humans have 46 chromosomes in each body cell • ___________ – half the normal number of chromosomes after meiosis (n) o Example: Human sex cells (sperm and egg) have ____________chromosomes Meiosis Big Ideas • Meiosis makes sex cells or ____________ • In meiosis, cell division happens ___________and forms _________ cells with half the genetic material • Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes to _______ of the original number of chromosomes • Meiosis provides genetic____________ because all of the sex cells produced at the end have __________ genetic information Interphase • Cell goes through its regular functions • DNA______________ • DNA is in the form of _________________ Prophase I • Chromatin (DNA) organizes to form visible ____________ • Nuclear _____________ breaks down • Spindle fibers start to form • Crossing over occurs Crossing Over (Prophase I) • Crossing over – exchange of_____________ from one homologous chromosome to another • It is responsible for _____________ variation • After crossing over, no two ___________chromatids are alike Metaphase I • __________ _ _____________ line up at the equator (middle) of the cell • Spindle fibers attach to the __________of each chromosome Anaphase I • Homologous ______________ move to the poles of the cell What happens during Meiosis Telophase I? What happens during Meiosis Prophase II? What happens during Meiosis Metaphase II? What happens during Meiosis Anaphase II? What happens during Meiosis Telophase II? Telophase I • Cells ___________for the first time • _____________ separates the cytoplasm of each cell • Two new cells are formed – they are NOT genetically identical • Nuclear membrane ____________ • Chromosomes relax to form chromatin • Spindle fibers disappear Prophase II • Chromatin (DNA) organizes to form visible____________ • Spindle fibers begin to form • Nuclear _____________breaks down Metaphase II • Chromosomes line up along the equator (middle) of the cell • Spindle ___________attach to the centromere of each chromosome Anaphase II • Sister ____________ are pulled apart • Chromosomes are pulled to the poles of each cell Telophase II • Cells ________________ • __________ fully separates the cytoplasm of each cell • Nuclear membrane reforms • _______________ relax • Spindle fibers disappear • ____________ genetically different sex cells (gametes) are formed Summary: What are the main differences between Mitosis and Meiosis? Mitosis Verses Meiosis Directions: Write answers next to the question. Draw pictures on the back of this page, in order. 1. Describe the purpose of mitosis 2. How many times does the cell divide during mitosis? 3. What kind of cells are produced at the end of mitosis? 4. What are sister chromatids? 5. Briefly describe what happens during prophase 6. Briefly describe what happens during metaphase 7. Briefly describe what happens during anaphase 8. Briefly describe what happens during telophase 9. Is cytokinesis part of mitosis? 10. Briefly describe what happens during cytokinesis 11. How many times does the cell divide during Meiosis? 12. What kind of cells are produced at the end of meiosis? 13. Briefly describe the difference of prophase I & II. 14. Briefly describe the difference of metaphase I & II 15. Briefly describe the difference of anaphase I & II. 16. Briefly describe the difference of telophase I & II.
