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The cell cycle Genetics 371B Lecture 4 1 Oct. 1999 The structure of DNA Backbone Pairing 5' 3' 3' A G T C T T C A G A phosphate ribose sugar 5' What holds the helices together? Length measure (double-stranded DNA): Human genome: What are alleles? The cell cycle DNA replication A C C A T C G A T G G T A G C T C G A T T A G C A T C G G C G C Cell division: What happens to the chromosomes depends on the goal of the division to make more “vegetative” cells: to make gametes: Mitosis – Partitioning replicated chromosomes Good Bad! or The problem: Partitioning replicated chromosomes so that each daughter cell gets one copy of each chromosome The solution After replication of a chromosome… hold the two sister chromatids together target them to opposite poles then separate the sisters centromere replication A convenient representation… remember that chromosomes don’t condense and take on this form until Prophase (the start of mitosis) sister chromatids At Metaphase . . . Chromosomes line up at cell’s “equatorial plate” Mechanism? Spindle fibers exerting tension on kinetochores Once all the chromosomes are lined up… Anaphase Telophase What kinds of defects would make mitosis go haywire?