Download The bodily structure of a plant or an animal or of any of its parts.

The bodily structure of a plant or an animal
or of any of its parts.
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Consists of 206 bones, of which almost ½ are
in our hands and feet
Although bones are rigid, the skeleton as a
whole is very flexible and allows a wide range
of movement
Skeletal muscles attach to our skeleton
It also protects vital organs
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Each bone is made up of:
◦ A hard compact exterior
◦ A spongy, lighter interior
◦ The long bones of the arms and legs contain bone
marrow
◦ Made up of Calcium, Phosphorus and collagen
◦ Female bones are smaller and lighter than male,
and the female pelvis is shallower and wider.
Long Bones
Longer than wide
Function as levers during
body movement
Eg, Humerous, radius, ulna
Short Bones
Somewhat cubed shaped
Found in confined spaces
where they transfer force
Eg. Carpals, tarsals.
Flat Bones:
Broad, dense surface
For muscle attachment
Protection for vital organs
eg.. Cranium, ribs, pectoral
girdle
Irregular Bones
Varied shape
Used for muscle
attachment and movement
Eg. Vertebrae, Skull, Pelvis
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Support
◦ Rigid framework,
which tissues and
organs are attached
to.
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Protection
◦ Skull and Vertebrae –
brain and CNS
◦ Rib Cage – Heart,
lungs, spleen
◦ Pelvis – Pelvis Viscera
– colon, reproductive
organs etc.
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Body Movements
◦ Skeletal muscles
attach to bone
◦ Bones act as levers
for movement
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Mineral Storage
◦ Calcium and
Phosphorus – rigidity
◦ Calcium for muscle
contraction, blood
clotting
◦ Potassium used for
DNA
◦ If diet does not
provide these
minerals, the body
takes from the bones
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Hemopoiesis
◦ Red bone marrow
produces WBC, RBC
and Platelets in
adults
◦ 1 Million RBC’s are
produced every
second, to replace
the ones worn out
and destroyed by the
liver.
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Cranial bones – are
firmly attached to
each other to
enclose and protect
the brain and
sensory organs
(eyes, ears, nose,
mouth)
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Facial bones – form
the face and
support the teeth.
The facial bones
with the exception
with the mandible,
are firmly
interlocked
together.
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The skull contains
several cavities to
lessen the weight of
the skull. They are
called sinuses
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The Hyoid and ear
ossicles are not
considered part of
the skull, but are
within the axial
skeleton.
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There are 8 cranial
bones
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Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
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There are 14 Facial
Bones
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Maxilla
Palatine
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Nasal
Inf. Nasal Conch
Vomer
Mandible
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Maxilla
◦ Forms the upper jaw
and supports the
teeth
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Nasal
◦ Small rectangular
bones that join to
form the bridge of
the nose
◦ Common facial
injuries include
fractures of these
bones (broken nose)
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Mandible
◦ Only movable bone of
the skull
◦ Supports 16 teeth
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Hyoid
◦ U-shaped bone
located in the neck
just superior to the
larynx (voice box)
◦ It is suspended by
muscles and
ligaments
◦ Several neck and
tongue muscles
attach to the hyoid
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Has two main
functions
◦ Serves as a protective
surrounding for the
spinal cord
◦ Forms the supporting
backbone of the
skeleton
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Consists of 24
separated and
differently shaped
bones, with a
curved triangular
bone (sacrum) at
the bottom. At the
end, there is a
small tail like
structure, called the
coccyx.
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Between each pair
of vertebrae is a
disc of cartilage
that cushions the
bones during
movement.
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The top 2 vertebrae
are called the
◦ Atlas – rotates
around the stout
vertical peg of the
Axis. This allows the
skull to move freely
up and down and
side to side.
1.
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Support the head
and upper
extremities while
allowing free
movement
Provides
attachment for
muscles, ribs
Encloses and
protects the spinal
cord and allows
passage of the
spinal nerves
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Cervical Vertebrae
◦ 7 vertebrae
◦ Flexible framework
for head and neck
◦ Atlas and axis
location
◦ Nodding of the head
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Thoracic Vertebrae
◦ 12 Vertebrae
◦ Serves as attachment
of ribs and form the
posterior anchor of
rib cage
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Lumbar Vertebrae
◦ 5 vertebrae
◦ Heavy bones
◦ Allows attachment of
powerful back
muscles
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Sacrum
◦ 4-5 fused vertebrae
◦ Fused at age of 26
◦ Strong foundation for
the pelvic girdle
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Coccyx
◦ Otherwise known at
the tailbone
◦ 4-5 fused vertebrae.
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Clavicle
Aka, collar bone
Most common
fractured bone in
the body.
Usually from a blow
to shoulder or fall
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Scapula
Aka, shoulder blade
Large, triangular
flat bone lays
posterior over the
rib cage
15 muscles attach
to it
Anterior View
Posterior View
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Consists of the
Sternum – Long flat
bony plate
Ribs
◦ True Ribs (1-7)
◦ False Ribs (8-10)
◦ Floating Ribs (11-12)
Costal cartilage
Thoracic vertebrae –
attachment to form
the rib cage
Manubrium – shield
like plate
Xiphoid Process – tip
at bottom
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Formed by 2 hip
bones (Os Coxa)
united with the
symphysis pubis
(anterior) and the
sacrum (posterior)
Supports weight of
body
Supports and
protects lower
internal organs
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Aka, Arms and
hands
Consists of 60
bones
Upper arm
Lower arm
Hands
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Bones of
importance
Humerus (2)
Ulna (2)
Radius (2)
Carpals (16)
Metacarpals (10)
Phalanges (28)
Anatomical position
27 bones
37 muscles
Connected by tendons
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Consists of 60
bones
◦ Femur (2) – largest
and heaviest bone of
the body
◦ Patella (2) – develops
in response to strain
in the tendon of the
quadriceps muscle
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Tibia – articulates
proximally with
femur at knee joint
to bear weight of
the body
Fibula – long,
narrow bone that is
used for muscle
attachment, not
support
Anatomical Position
26 bones
33 muscles
More than 100 ligaments
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Using all that you
know, you are
going to
1. Create, Floyd – a
partner created,
hang from the
ceiling, full
skeleton.