Download Respiratory System

Lung Capacity Lab
Let’s take a quick look….
Vocabulary
 Lung capacity
 Maximum amount of air (volume) that your lungs can
hold
 Tidal volume
 The normal volume of air displaced between normal
inhalation and exhalation (no extra effort)
Vocabulary
 Vital capacity
 the breathing capacity of the lungs expressed as the
number of cubic inches or cubic centimeters of air that
can be forcibly exhaled after a full inspiration
 Residual volume
 the amount of air that remains in a person's lungs
after fully exhaling
Approximate values
Pre- and Post-exercise
 What do you think should have happened?
 Tidal volume should increase
 Why?
 This is the normal amount of oxygen that you need, as you
exercise you need more oxygen therefore your tidal
volume will increase to try to accommodate
 Vital capacity should increase
 Why?
 See above
Respiratory System
Breathe in…. Breathe out…
Respiratory
System
bronchi
Respiratory System
 What is the pathway for air entering
the lungs?
 Nose (mouth)
 Pharynx
 Larynx
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 Bronchioles
 Alveoli
Respiratory System
 What do these parts do?
 Nostril/ Mouth
 Opening to respiratory system
 Nasal Cavity
 Warms and moistens the air
 Hairs and mucus trap dirt and
particles
Respiratory System
 What do these parts do?
 Turbinate bones
 Increase the surface area in nasal cavity
and bring the blood close to the air to
warm and moisten
Pharynx
 The area that is open to both the mouth
and nose. It’s the place where food and
air cross over. You have to protect this
area carefully. It has two emergency flaps
Respiratory System
 What do these parts do?
 Emergency flaps
 Uvula
 Closes off the pharynx when you
swallow so food doesn’t go up your
nose
 Epiglottis
 Closes off the trachea when you
swallow so food doesn’t go down the
lungs
Respiratory System
 What do these parts do?
 Larynx
 Is the top of the trachea which contains
the vocal chords.
 Men have longer vocal chords (Adam’s
apple)→ deep voice
 Trachea
 Is an open tube surrounded by
cartilaginous rings. These rings keep it
open. It carries air down to the thorax.
It’s lined with mucus to catch the dirt and
little cilia to brush out the dirt.
Respiratory System
 What do these parts do?
 Bronchi
 Two open tubes, built and protected like
the trachea, that divide and carry air to
each lung
Bronchioles
 The bronchi branch out into tiny
branches like an upside down tree.
 They distribute the air all through the
lungs increasing the surface area
Respiratory System
 What do these parts do?
 Alveoli
 Are millions of air sacs, like tiny bunches
of grapes, at the end of the bronchioles.
 They are surrounded by blood vessels
 This is where gas exchange occurs
through the process of diffusion.
Oxygen moves into the blood and
carbon dioxide moves out of the
blood.
Respiratory System
Why do we need to breathe?
Cellular Respiration!
Cellular Respiration
The process of breaking down food molecules
with the help of oxygen to produce carbon
dioxide and water
This process also releases energy (ATP) that can
be used by the cell
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration:
C6H12O6 + O2→ CO2+ water + energy
 We need to breathe in order to take in oxygen to help
us break down sugars and release energy
 And breathing helps us get rid of CO2
Respiratory System
How does breathing work? How does air enter
the lungs?
First… we need to understand fluids!
Fluids
 What is a fluid?
 A fluid is a substance that takes on the shape of its
container
 There are 2 types of fluids:
 Liquids
 Gases
Fluids
 What is the difference between a liquid and a gas?
 Can you squish a liquid?
 No
 Liquids are said to be incompressible
 Can you squish a gas?
 Yes!
 Gases are said to be compressible
Fluids
 Liquids:
 Are incompressible fluids
 They have a definite volume but do not have a definite
shape
 Gases:
 Are compressible fluids
 They do not have a definite volume or shape
Gases
 Recall from sec 1 and 2:
 Gases are moving a lot
 So they’re bumping into
each other and their
surroundings a lot
Gases
 What happens if I decrease
the size of the container
they’re in?
 Will the collisions increase?
Decrease? Stay the same?
Gases
Gases
 If you decrease the volume, the particles get closer
together, increasing the number of collisions
 And since each particle has mass, this collision applies
force
 Pressure:
 the force exerted by particles when they collide with a
constricting surface
Gases
So:
Decreased volume = increased pressure
Increased volume = decreased pressure
Gases
 Recall sec 2 – Diffusion
 Movement of particles from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration
 In order to equalize the concentration
High → Low
Gases
Lower concentration
Higher concentration
Mechanics of Breathing
 How does breathing work? How does air enter the
lungs?
Mechanics of Breathing
 Inhalation:
 Intercostal muscles contract
 Ribs go up and out
 Diaphragm contracts
 Diaphragm goes down
 Volume of lungs increases
 Pressure inside lungs decreases
 Air rushes in
Mechanics of Breathing
 Exhalation:
 Intercostal muscles relax
 Ribs go down and in
 Diaphragm relaxes
 Diaphragm goes up
 Volume of lungs decreases
 Pressure inside lungs increases
 Air rushes out
Homework
Do the pages in the workbook (99-102)!
Quiz on Respiration next Monday (Nov 21)
I have a website! mssulik.weebly.com