Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Lung Capacity Lab Let’s take a quick look…. Vocabulary Lung capacity Maximum amount of air (volume) that your lungs can hold Tidal volume The normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation (no extra effort) Vocabulary Vital capacity the breathing capacity of the lungs expressed as the number of cubic inches or cubic centimeters of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a full inspiration Residual volume the amount of air that remains in a person's lungs after fully exhaling Approximate values Pre- and Post-exercise What do you think should have happened? Tidal volume should increase Why? This is the normal amount of oxygen that you need, as you exercise you need more oxygen therefore your tidal volume will increase to try to accommodate Vital capacity should increase Why? See above Respiratory System Breathe in…. Breathe out… Respiratory System bronchi Respiratory System What is the pathway for air entering the lungs? Nose (mouth) Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Respiratory System What do these parts do? Nostril/ Mouth Opening to respiratory system Nasal Cavity Warms and moistens the air Hairs and mucus trap dirt and particles Respiratory System What do these parts do? Turbinate bones Increase the surface area in nasal cavity and bring the blood close to the air to warm and moisten Pharynx The area that is open to both the mouth and nose. It’s the place where food and air cross over. You have to protect this area carefully. It has two emergency flaps Respiratory System What do these parts do? Emergency flaps Uvula Closes off the pharynx when you swallow so food doesn’t go up your nose Epiglottis Closes off the trachea when you swallow so food doesn’t go down the lungs Respiratory System What do these parts do? Larynx Is the top of the trachea which contains the vocal chords. Men have longer vocal chords (Adam’s apple)→ deep voice Trachea Is an open tube surrounded by cartilaginous rings. These rings keep it open. It carries air down to the thorax. It’s lined with mucus to catch the dirt and little cilia to brush out the dirt. Respiratory System What do these parts do? Bronchi Two open tubes, built and protected like the trachea, that divide and carry air to each lung Bronchioles The bronchi branch out into tiny branches like an upside down tree. They distribute the air all through the lungs increasing the surface area Respiratory System What do these parts do? Alveoli Are millions of air sacs, like tiny bunches of grapes, at the end of the bronchioles. They are surrounded by blood vessels This is where gas exchange occurs through the process of diffusion. Oxygen moves into the blood and carbon dioxide moves out of the blood. Respiratory System Why do we need to breathe? Cellular Respiration! Cellular Respiration The process of breaking down food molecules with the help of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water This process also releases energy (ATP) that can be used by the cell Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6 + O2→ CO2+ water + energy We need to breathe in order to take in oxygen to help us break down sugars and release energy And breathing helps us get rid of CO2 Respiratory System How does breathing work? How does air enter the lungs? First… we need to understand fluids! Fluids What is a fluid? A fluid is a substance that takes on the shape of its container There are 2 types of fluids: Liquids Gases Fluids What is the difference between a liquid and a gas? Can you squish a liquid? No Liquids are said to be incompressible Can you squish a gas? Yes! Gases are said to be compressible Fluids Liquids: Are incompressible fluids They have a definite volume but do not have a definite shape Gases: Are compressible fluids They do not have a definite volume or shape Gases Recall from sec 1 and 2: Gases are moving a lot So they’re bumping into each other and their surroundings a lot Gases What happens if I decrease the size of the container they’re in? Will the collisions increase? Decrease? Stay the same? Gases Gases If you decrease the volume, the particles get closer together, increasing the number of collisions And since each particle has mass, this collision applies force Pressure: the force exerted by particles when they collide with a constricting surface Gases So: Decreased volume = increased pressure Increased volume = decreased pressure Gases Recall sec 2 – Diffusion Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration In order to equalize the concentration High → Low Gases Lower concentration Higher concentration Mechanics of Breathing How does breathing work? How does air enter the lungs? Mechanics of Breathing Inhalation: Intercostal muscles contract Ribs go up and out Diaphragm contracts Diaphragm goes down Volume of lungs increases Pressure inside lungs decreases Air rushes in Mechanics of Breathing Exhalation: Intercostal muscles relax Ribs go down and in Diaphragm relaxes Diaphragm goes up Volume of lungs decreases Pressure inside lungs increases Air rushes out Homework Do the pages in the workbook (99-102)! Quiz on Respiration next Monday (Nov 21) I have a website! mssulik.weebly.com