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Transcript
Rocks and Soils Kindergarten Science Essential Questions and Answers: What are the physical characteristics of rocks? Color: The color of the rock. Texture: The way that a rock feels. Luster: The way a rock reflects light. (Is it shiny or dull?) Size: How large or small a rock is. What are some words that might describe my rock’s color? For this part of your AKS, the students need to use color words to describe their rock. They can use any color word. **Answers may vary. What are some words that might describe my rock’s texture? For this part of your AKS, the students need to use words to describe the way their rock feels. They can use words like bumpy, smooth, and rough. **Answers may vary. What are some words that might describe my rock’s luster? For this part of your AKS, the students need to use words to describe the way their rock looks. They can use words like glassy, shiny, or dull. **Answers may vary. What are some words that might describe my rock’s size? For this part of your AKS, the students need to use words to describe their rock’s size. They can use words like large, medium, or small. **Answers may vary. Where are some places that we can find rocks? Students should be able to describe places that they have found rocks. They may name places like: their yard, the street, the woods, or other various places. **Answers may vary. What are the physical characteristics of soils? Color: The color of the soil. Texture: The way that a rock soil. Smell: The way that the soil smells. Size: How large or small a soil is. What are some words that might describe my soil’s color? For this part of your AKS, the students need to use color words to describe their soil. They can use any color word. **Answers may vary. What are some words that might describe my soil’s texture? For this part of your AKS, the students need to use words to describe the way their soil feels. They can use words like soft or hard. **Answers may vary. What are some words that might describe my soil’s smell? For this part of your AKS, the students need to use words to describe the way their soil smells. They can use words like smelly, stinky, etc. **Answers may vary. What are some words that might describe my soil’s size? For this part of your AKS, the students need to use words to describe their soil’s particle or grain size. They can use words like large, medium, or small. **Answers may vary. Where are some places that we may find soil? Students should be able to describe places that they have found soil. They may name places like: their yard, the woods, the playground or other various places. **Answers may vary. What materials make up the earth? Your children need to know that the Earth is made up of different types of materials. They should know that the land is made from rocks and soils. The oceans, rivers, lakes, streams, etc. are made from water. They also need to know that air is everywhere. Background information for the teacher: There are three types of rocks. They are sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks, and igneous rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed when weathered and eroded pieces (sediment) are deposited in layers that become buried and compressed. Over time the rock pieces become cemented together forming rocks. Igneous rocks are formed when melted rock (magma) pushes through cracks in the earth’s crust in the form of lava and cools and solidifies (hardens). Metamorphic rocks form when sedimentary or igneous rocks are changed from heat or pressure or both. Types of Soil Humus Soil refers to the organic material in soil lending it to a dark brown or black coloration. In soil science, humus refers to any organic matter which has reached a point of stability, where it will break down no further and might, if conditions do not change, remain essentially as it is for centuries, if not millennia. In agriculture, humus is sometimes also used to describe mature compost, or natural compost extracted from a forest or other spontaneous source for use to amend soil. Sandy soil is very gritty and crumbles into fine particles. Because of this, the soil drains too quickly and is susceptible to extreme fluctuations of heat and cold during the growing season. These soils are unable to retain nutrients. Clay Soil is slick and greasy feeling when wet, hard and brittle when it is dry. Sometimes tinted white, red, or yellow, these soils are rich in minerals but have a low concentration of organic material. Clay soils will hold water well when conditions are dry, but tend to get water logged after several days of rain. Potting Soil is a mixture of soil, peat, or fiber base and a balanced nutrient content that is used for growing plants in pots.