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Transcript
ROME AND THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITY Chapter 5, pages 146 - 178 SECTION 1 – THE RISE OF ROME -Italy – 750 miles long, 120 miles wide (FL is 500 x 160); Apennine Mts in middle; large, fertile plains; Po River; plain of Latium How did geo impact Rome? Apennines did NOT divide Rome as Greece had been divided Ample land for farming Tiber: gave route to sea, but Rome could be inland (away from pirates) Hills made it easily defendable Was a crossroads (Tiber could be forded) • Italy was populated between 1500-1000 BC – 1) LATINS, lived in Latium (middle) on the hills of Rome; farmers – 2) GREEKS, came 750-550 BC, S. Italy & Sicily; great influence over Italy – 3) ETRUSCANS, most influence in Rome; controlled peninsula; gave Rome the toga & military organization 509 BC – Romans overthrew Etruscans and established a republic • Roman Confederation allowed control of Italy – some people (Latins) had full citizenship – rest were allies (free, had to provide soldiers to Rome) • could become full citizens • made them feel they had a stake in their success What made Rome successful? • believed ancestors had a sense of duty, courage, and discipline • were GREAT diplomats • excellent military (persistent, strategists) • practical in law and politics (did not try for “ideal” govt, responded as problems arose) ROMAN STATE •2 consuls, served 1 year, ran govt & military •1 praetor watched civil law (another was added later to judge non-citizens) •Patricians – landowners, voted, elect govt officials •Plebians – larger group, could also vote •Senate – 300 patricians, served for life; advisory, then law making – Had several people’s assemblies, but wealthy class always had majority vote STRUGGLE OF THE ORDERS •Patrician & plebians could not marry •Council of plebs, created in 471 – Tribunes of the plebs officials given power to protect plebs – Eventually gained right to make law and serve as consul •287 BC, council of plebs allowed to pass laws – male Roman citizens “equal” (ha – still not a democracy!) ROMAN LAW •Twelve Tables (450 BC) – important because they were WRITTEN; all knew rights and responsibilities •Law of Nations, considered universal, based on reason • Innocent till proven otherwise • Accused defended themselves before a judge Punic Wars (264 BC – 146 BC) -Carthage, city state in N. Africa, growing power; was in Sicily & made Rome nervous 1st War – Rome sent troops to Sicily; R navy beat C navy & won Sicily; C vowed revenge 2nd War – Hannibal (C) takes 4600 troops & 37 elephants to Rome - Hannibal defeated army, but did not have ppl to attack major cities; Rome sailed to & attacked Carthage; H came home, lost - 202 BC - Rome is THE power in the Med. 3rd War (146) – Rome went back and completely destroyed city, enslaved ppl; became masters of the Med. By 129 BC, Rome had all of Greece, Macedonia, and Pergamum WORKS CITED - World History book - http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/italy.html - http://historywarsweapons.com/first-punic-war/ -http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/mediterranean/2ndPunic.html - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punic_Wars - http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx?id=36994 - http://pages.uoregon.edu/klio/rr/13-Important%20Events.htm