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THE SOLAR SYSTEM Prof. Nadia Șerban Liceul “Matei Basarab” Craiova The Solar System consists of the Sun and the bodies that revolve around it (planets, satellites, comets, meteorites). When was. our solar system formed? The solar system was formed 5 billion years ago from a huge cloud of gas and cosmic dust under the effect of gravity. How does our solar system function? The gravitational force of the Sun makes the planets spin around it on paths called orbits. What are the planets in our solar system? Until recently, there was a ninth planet, Pluto, but it was discovered that it is a dwarf planet and it is outside the Solar System The Sun - - - - It is a huge ball of gas, throwing flames like a dragon. It has about 5 billion years It is at the middle of its life: it will become too huge and too hot, then it will explode and disappear. It consists of two gases: hydrogen and helium, producing thermonuclear reactions and giving out light and warmth The exterior part of the sun - the solar corona can be seen with a naked eye during eclipses. The Planets • They have a spherical shape, they have no heat and light; they receive heat and light from the stars The terrestrial planets are similar in size to the Earth, they are solid and made of rocks. • Mercury • it looks as a black dot that separates the Sun • It is the hottest, • it has not atmosphere, • Not satellites • It is covered with craters Venus • it is the brightest planet, being called The Morning Star or The Shepherd’s Star, it is visible only in the morning and in the evening, when shepherds take the sheep to the field or return home with them . • - It has a dense atmosphere which accounts for its high temperature (450º C) and has no satellites. • - It is the twin sister of the Earth in size and relief. EARTH • It is the third planet from the sun. • It has one natural satellite, The Moon • The atmosphere, consisting of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen, protects us from falling meteorites and from the harmful radiation of the sun • The surface is covered with water (71%) and dried land (29%), hence the name The Blue Planet. MARS - Also named "the red planet" because of the iron oxide in the rocks , which gives the reddish color. -It has two small satellites, Phobos and Deimos, probably asteroids which were captured by the planet and the polar ice caps at the poles. - It is intensely explored by probes and robots to discover if there are any life forms or water. Gas or Giant planets they consist of gases: hydrogen and helium, they have rings and many satellites • Jupiter • The giant planet of the solar system, it is 11 times larger than The Earth, with less visible rings. • It has 67 satellites, the largest having been discovered by Galileo Galilei – Io, Europa, Callisto, Ganymede • The different colors are due to the composition of clouds and gases and to the ceaseless storms Saturn • The planet with rings, it is 9 times bigger than The Earth. • It is made of gases, being so light that it could float on an ocean. • It has seven distinct rings composed of dust, gases and ice. • It has 62 satellites, the biggest of them is Titan, which is larger than Mercury URANUS • Also named the inverted planet, having an different inclination from that of other planets. • It is surrounded by 11 rings which are very thin. • It is made of hydrogen, helium and methane. • It has 27 satellites. • The greenish colour is due to the way in which it reflects the sunlight. NEPTUN • it is the coldest planet. • it is composed of hydrogen, helium and methane, which give an apparent blue color. • It has 13 satellites; Triton is the biggest. • It can’t be seen with a naked eye. • It is hit by winds and violent storms. Pluto • Until recently (2006), there was a ninth planet, Pluto, but it was discovered that it is a dwarf planet and it is outside the Solar System. Pluto and his satellite, Chanon Meteorites • Meteorites – they are chunks of rock and iron, which can fall on The Earth and form craters. Comets • They are tailed stars, frozen bodies of dust and gas.They travel through space and can provide information about the way the solar system is formed. Asteroids • They are fragments of rock formations left behind by the solar system about 4.6 billion years ago • They moves into the space between Mars and Jupiter • There are millions of bodies of different sizes , the largest is Ceres The artificial satellites • Artificial satellites have become an indispensable part of today's technology. They are used for various purposes, from providing long distance telephone connections, to direct broadcasting of television and radio programes, and to obtaining geological information about the weather or for other facilities. Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, was released on October 4, 1956 Feedback • • • • • 1. The brightest planet is ... 2. The Inverted planet is called ... 3. Earth's natural satellite is … 4. Jupiter is a ………..planet . 5. The coating which protects the Earth from meteorites fall is ... Homework • 1.Photos with your notebook- making notes. (deadline 31 st May 2016) • 2. Use a mnemonic device for learning easily the order of the planets in our solar system. (deadline 31 st May 2016)