Download Asexual Reproduction and Cell Division Notes

Asexual Reproduction and Cell Division Notes
Cell Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction, Cell Division and
Mitosis
Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis
DNA
Asexual Reproduction and Cell Division Notes
Asexual Reproduction and Cell Division Notes
Asexual Reproduction
• In order for an organism to produce other organisms of its kind, it must
undergo reproduction.
• In _____________ reproduction, a new organism (or organisms) is produced
from just one organism.
• The new organism will have hereditary material ____________ to the
hereditary material of the __________ organism.
• Some organisms with eukaryotic cells asexually reproduce by _____________
(division of the nucleus known as mitosis).
> Sweet potato in a jar of water. All the stems, leaves, and roots that grow
from the sweet potato have been produced by cell division and have the
same hereditary material.
Asexual Reproduction and Cell Division Notes
Asexual Reproduction
• Fission
> Some organisms, like bacteria, do not have a ___________ so they cannot
use mitosis to reproduce.
> Instead bacteria reproduce asexually by __________.
> During fission, the cell without the nucleus simply ___________ the genetic
material and then _____________ into two identical organisms.
Asexual Reproduction and Cell Division Notes
Asexual Reproduction
• Budding
> Some organisms reproduce by ____________ from the body of the
_________ organism.
> Hydra reproduce in this manner.
> Budding is a type of ____________ reproduction made possible because
of cell division (mitosis).
> When a bud on the adult becomes large enough, it ______________ to live
on its own.
• Regeneration
> Some organisms can ____________ damaged or lost body parts.
> Regeneration is the process that uses _____________ to re-grow body part.
> Sponges, planaria, starfish can regenerate to reproduce. They break into
pieces and a whole new organism will grow from each piece.
Starfish regenerating
Hydra budding
Asexual Reproduction and Cell Division Notes
So What is Cell Division?
Asexual Reproduction and Cell Division Notes
Cell Division
• Many organisms begin as a ___________. How does that single cell grow? That
cell divides into two, two become four, four become eight, and so on.
• Many-celled organisms (you) ________ because cell division makes more cells.
• Cells in your body wear out and are replaced every day.
• In a matter of a few seconds, bone marrow produces about 6 million red blood
cells!
• One-celled organisms use ___________ to ________________.
• However, it is a more complicated process than just dividing a cell in half.
One-celled amoeba
Asexual Reproduction and Cell Division Notes
The Cell Cycle
• All living things have a _____________. A cell has a life cycle too.
• Length of the Cycle
> A series of events that takes place from one cell division event to the next.
> The time it takes to complete a cell cycle ___________.
– 19 hours for bean plants
– Cells in animal embryos take less than 20 min
> Cells in humans that are needed for ________________________
constantly __________ the cycle.
**Animal Cell
Asexual Reproduction and Cell Division Notes
Interphase ("Enter")
• Most of the life of Eukaryotic cells ( ____________________) is spent in a
period of growth and development called _______________.
• There are cells in your body that no longer divide, like nerve and muscle
cells, so they are ______________________. They just grow and develop.
• Cells that actively divide, or will continue with further phases, _______ the
hereditary material (DNA) and _________ for cell division during interphase.
> Skin cells for example
• Why does the hereditary material need to be copied?
> Think of a script needing to be copied for a play.
> Before a cell divides, a copy of the hereditary material must be made so
that each of the two new cells will get a _________________.
• After interphase, the process of cell division begins.
• Think of interphase like " entering into the phases of cell division".
Interphase
Nerve and
muscle cells
always here
Asexual Reproduction and Cell Division Notes
Mitosis
• _______ is the division of body cells. This is a type of ________________.
> Mitosis = "My Toe sis"
• Mitosis is the process in which the nucleus divides to form two
_____________ nuclei.
> The new nuclei are identical to each other and the original (parent) nucleus.
• Mitosis has a series of _________, or steps. There are 4 phases of mitosis.
> You will not be responsible for knowing the exact phases of mitosis,
but you will need to recognize what generally happens.
Asexual Reproduction and Cell Division Notes
Mitosis
• ______________ play an important role in cell
division.
• A chromosome is a structure in the nucleus
that contains ____________________ (DNA).
• Interphase (entering): Cell's chromosomes
duplicate. Why is this so important?
• This is the step before cell division.
• Mitosis (cell division) begins:
1. After the chromosomes duplicate the cell
starts to __________.
2. The cell pinches in the middle and
becomes two identical cells (called
_________________).
3. A complete set of chromosomes is in each
new cell.
• Two new, identical cells are created at the end of
mitosis. These two cells are also identical to the
original cell.
• These two cells then begin the period of
growth, or interphase, again.
(center)
DNA
Asexual Reproduction and Cell Division Notes
Asexual Reproduction and Cell Division Notes
Summary of Mitosis
Asexual Reproduction and Cell Division Notes
Results of Mitosis
• IMPORTANT!
1. Mitosis is the division of the ____________.
2. Mitosis creates two new nuclei that are ______________ to each other and the
original nucleus
• After mitosis, each new nucleus has the ____________ and ______ of chromosomes.
• Your body cells have _____ chromosomes (______ pairs).
• You began as a single cell with 46 chromosomes.
• Each of your body cells has a copy of the same hereditary material.
• However, all of your cells use _________________ of the same hereditary material to
become different types of cells.
> Just like actors in a play learn different lines for their different parts.