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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM GUIDE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: • Works with the circulatory system Removes waste and excess fluids from the body tissues Comprised of: • Lymph • • Lymph nodes (glands) THE LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE SYSTEM: The system contains: • Lymph nodes • • Lymphatic Ducts • • • Thymus LYMPHATIC STRUCTURES: • LYMPH: • • Composed of intercellular or interstitial fluid that forms when plasma diffuses into tissue spaces • Composed of water, digested nutrients, salts, hormones, oxygen, carbon dioxide, lymphocytes, and metabolic wastes such as urea • • LYMPHATIC VESSELS: • Located throughout the body in almost all tissues that have blood vessels • LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES: • • Pick up lymph at tissues throughout the body • Capillaries join together to form large lymph vessels • • Contractions of skeletal muscles against lymph vessels causes lymph to flow through the vessels * Lymph vessels travel through lymph nodes that contain valves that only allow lymph to flow one way LYMPH NODES: * * * Small, round masses ranging in size from a pinhead to an almond • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • LYMPH NODES: Filter lymph and remove impurities such as: Dead blood cells LYMPHATIC TISSUE IN NODES: Produce substances like: • Lymphocytes: • As lymphatic vessels leave the lymph nodes, they continue to join together to form larger lymph vessels RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT: Short tube: THORACIC DUCT: Much larger tube that drains lymph from the rest of the body LYMPH TISSUE: Tonsils, spleen, and thymus are examples of lymphatic tissue TONSILS: Filter interstitial fluid Three pairs of tonsils: • • • Lingual tonsils • • • • • • • • • • • SPLEEN: Destroys old erythrocytes Stores erythrocytes to release in to the blood stream in excessive blood loss occurs Filters some waste THYMUS: Atrophies after puberty and is replaced by fat and connective tissue Functions during early life: • • • Function is taken over by lymph nodes after atrophy LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: DISEASES AND DISORDERS ADENITIS: ! ! Occurs when pathogens or cancer cells enter lymph nodes and infect the tissue ! Symptoms: ! Abscess may form in the node if not treated ! Treatment: HODGKIN’S DISEASE: ! ! Most common form of lymphoma (tumor of lymph tissue) ! Symptoms: ! Painless swelling of lymph nodes ! ! ! Fatigue ! ! TREATMENT: LYMPHANGITIS: ! ! Usually occurs from infection in an extremity ! Symptoms: ! ! Fever and chills ! ! Treatment: ! Rest and elevation of affected part ! SPLENOMEGALY: ! ! Causes: Abnormal accumulation of erythrocytes, mononucleosis, and cirrhosis of the liver ! Symptoms: ! Increased destruction of blood cells can lead to anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia ! If spleen ruptures: ! Splenectomy done in severe cases TONSILITIS: ! ! Usually involves the adenoids and palatine tonsils ! Symptoms: ! ! ! White or yellow spots on exudate of tonsils ! Swollen lymph nodes by the mandible ! TREATMENT: ! ! Warm throat irrigations ! ! Tonsilectomy in chronic cases