Download 1 BIO101 Objectives Unit 1 Chapter 32 1. Explain what is meant by

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BIO101 Objectives Unit 1
Chapter 32
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Explain what is meant by “animals are Multicellular, Heterotrophic, Eukaryotic, Metazoans”
Contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Examine the identifying features of animal cells including lack of cell wall and collagen cell junctions
Examine 2 types of specialized animal cells, muscle and nervous
Describe animal development using the terms: sperm, egg, fertilization, zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrulation,
gastrula, blastopore, germ layers, and embryo
View the animal 3 embryonic tissues and the general fate of each
Describe larva and metamorphosis
View the Cambrian Explosion (~ 500 mya) during which ancestors to most animals evolved
Review the body plan features of animals that allow phylogenetic classification including symmetry, tissues, fate
of blastopore
Provide examples and describe the lifestyle of the phyla Silicea and Calceria and note the characteristics of: no
symmetry, no tissues
List the groups that belong to the clade Metazoa (true animals)
Examine the coelom as a feature of animals with 3 embryonic tissue types. Review location and function of
coelom
View the true coelomates: Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata
Note that Platyhelminthes are acoelomate
Contrast deuterostome (Echinoderms, Chordates) and protostomes ( Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Mollusca,
Annelida, Arthropoda)
Note that Cnidarians have tissues, but only 2 embryonic tissue layers. List types of Cnidarians and describe their
lifestyle including the terms polyp, medusa, cnidocyte, nerve net, gastrovascular cavity.
Discuss why most animals are in the clade Bilatera and why Silicea and Calceria, and Cnidaria are not
Chapter 33
18. Define invertebrate
19. Examine the protist that is thought to be ancestral to animals
20. Describe the phylum Platyhelminthes and its characteristics including acoelomate, possess 3 germ layers in
embryo, protostome, many parasitic. Includes planaria, tapeworm (flatworms).
21. Describe the phylum Mollusca and the features of mantle, foot, and visceral mass. Note that molluscs have a
coelom, 3 germ layers, are protostomes
22. View chitins, bivalves, cephalopods, and gastropods. Provide an example of each.
23. Describe the phylum Annelida (segmented worms) and note the characteristics of coelom, 3 germ layers,
protostome
24. Describe why arthropods and nematodes are in the clade Ectydozoa
25. Examine the pseudocoelomate nematodes (roundworms)
26. Describe the phylum Arthropoda including jointed appendages, exoskeleton, segmented body, sense organs,
open circulatory system with Hemolymph
27. Provide examples of crustacean, insecta, myriapods, arachnids
28. Explain why Echinodermata and Chordata are in the clade Deuterostomia
29. Provide examples of Echinodermata
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Chapter 34
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Discuss the 4 embryological characteristics observed in members of the phylum Chordata
Examine the notochord, its location and function noting that it is lost in most adult Chordates
Examine the dorsal hollow nerve cord and the persistence of certain cells in adults
Describe pharyngeal gill pouches and their fate in lancelets, fishes, and tetra pods
Describe the embryological post anal tail
View lancelets and tunicates as invertebrate chordates
Examine craniates including the primitive hagfish with partial skull, no scales, and slime defense
Explore jawless vertebrates, lampreys, their predatory way of life, mouth
Describe the general characteristics of fish
Provide examples of Chondrichthyes and note a cartilaginous skeleton
Provide examples of ray-finned fish and note a bony skeleton, bony scales, and swim bladder
Describe lobe-finned fish and how they provide evidence for ancestors to tetra pods
Describe the general features of tetrapods
Provide examples of amphibians and note their dependence on water and external fertilization
Describe the terrestrial adaptation of the amniote egg including function and amniotic sac with fluid
Contrast the scales of reptiles with those of fish in terms of structure and function
Provide examples of reptiles
Provide evidence for why birds should be considered avian reptiles
Compare ectothermic and endothermic animals
Contrast external and internal fertilization
Describe shared characteristics of mammals
Compare the development of monotremes, marsupials, and eutherian mammals
Associate 8 eutherian orders (your choice) with common name
Chapter 40
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Describe how physical form and function are related
Explain why animal cell surface to volume ratio is high
View the location and role of interstitial fluid
Define cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
List the 4 animal principal tissue types
Compare the general functions and structure of simple and stratified epithelium
Examine the apical and basal surfaces of epithelial cells
Describe the role of connective tissue and provide examples of CT
Examine the general location and function of muscle tissue
Describe the location and function of nervous tissue
Discuss the communication roles of the endocrine system including glands, hormones, target tissues, receptors
and provide an example of an endocrine hormone.
Discuss the communication roles of the nervous system including impulses, neurons, and nerves
Explain regulation by negative and positive feedback loops in the maintenance of homeostasis including stimuli,
receptors, response
Compare regulator and conformer animals with respect to body temperature
Contrast endothermic and ectothermic strategies for body temperature providing example of each
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68. Discuss integumentary, circulatory, behavioral, thermogenetic, and acclimation strategies in the maintenance of
body temperature and homeostasis
Chapter 41
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Compare herbivore, omnivore, and carnivore
Contrast essential and non-essential amino acids, complete and incomplete proteins
Explain why essential fats, vitamins, and minerals are required in the diet and provide examples of each
Distinguish between ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
Compare the gastrovascular cavity of simple animals with the complete digestive tract (alimentary canal) of
advanced animals
74. Discuss dental, digestive tract length, and mutualistic relationships as they apply to digestive system adaptations
Chapter 46
75. Examine methods of asexual reproduction including fission, budding, and parthenogenesis providing an example
of each and mechanism
76. Discuss why sexual reproduction may provide an evolutionary advantage
77. Contrast a reproductive cycle with seasonal fertility and continuous fertility
78. Provide examples of animals that are hermaphrodites and of animals that exhibit sex reversal
79. Compare the mechanisms of external and internal fertilization and explain adaptive advantages of each
80. Describe ways in which offspring survival is increased in some animals including large numbers of offspring,
internal fertilization, protective eggs, a placenta and umbilical cord, parental care.
81. Explain the role of gonads in sperm and egg production (meiosis)
Chapter 13
82. Define the terms heredity, variation, and genetics
83. Discuss the role of genes (DNA) in the transmission of traits and regulation of development
84. Examine human somatic cells which contain 46 chromosomes and can be viewed as homologous pairs in a
karyotype
85. View a karyotype to recognize autosomes and sex chromosomes
86. Understand that 23 + 23 = 46 is a representation of human fertilization and review the behavior of
chromosomes in the human life cycle
87. Distinguish between diploid and haploid cell, somatic and germ cells
88. Compare mitosis and meiosis in terms of role and cellular outcomes
89. Describe Interphase I including DNA replication
90. Describe in detail Prophase I including chromosome condensation, crossing over and synapsis, chiasmata, and
role of kinetochores
91. Describe Metaphase I including the homologs on the metaphase plate
92. Describe Anaphase I including separation of homologous chromosomes with sister chromatids joined (cohesion)
93. Describe Telophase I and cytokinesis including haploid chromosomes in daughter cells
94. Describe Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II to explain how 4 haploid and unique cells are
produced via meiosis