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! VOLCANOES by Nate Types of Volcanoes ! Shield Volcanoes Shield Volcanoes are volcanic mountains with broad, gently sloping sides. A shield volcano is made from thin liquid. Cinder Cone Volcano Cinder Cone Volcanoes are steep, cone-shaped volcanoes. They are built from lava fragments called 'cinders.' Composite Volcanoes A volcano is a geological feature where a plate sinks, thrusting under the margin ashes,gases, and molten rock form of its neighboring plate. This is called underground and erupt to the surface. subduction. Subduction zones generate Often when a volcano erupts, there is a magma at a depth of about 60 to 90 miles calm outpouring of lava. Some eruptions by melting three kinds of material: oceanic include rocks, clouds, and harmful gases. A crust, ocean sediment, and asthenosphere volcano erupts when tectonic plates push caught in the corner between the against each other and build pressure. The converging plate. Divergent boundaries volcano can’t hold the magma, and it occur at mid ocean ridges. The plates erupts. The Tectonic Plate Theory is the move apart. The third type of boundary is theory that explains the origin of most of called strike-slip. Two plates grind together the major features Earth’s surface. There and slip past each other horizontally. New are three main boundaries: convergent, plate material is neither made nor strike-slip, and divergent boundaries. A destroyed. convergent boundary is where the edge of Dangers of Volcanoes Volcanoes are harmful to the environment. Some volcanic eruptions include rock, clouds, harmful gases and can cause earthquakes and aftershocks. Volcanic eruptions occur most frequently at the edges of tectonic plates. Seventy-five percent of the volcanic eruptions happen on the Ring of Fire. Composite Volcanoes are cone-shaped volcanoes composed of layers of lava, ash and rock debris. Major eruptions Mount Vesuvius caused the destruction of Pompeii in AD 79. The eruption happened in Naples, Italy and killed everyone there. Mount Krakatoa erupted in 1883 in Indonesia. The destruction took 36,000 lives from the inhabitants of the the islands around it. Mount Pelee erupted on May 8, 1902. It destroyed the port of Saint Pierre and killed 30,000 people. Mt. St. Helens is located in the state of Washington. It erupted in 1980. The destruction affected the environment and killed 57 people.