Download The respiratory system

The respiratory system
1. To know and understand the
components of the respiratory system
2. To understand the mechanics (action)
of breathing
3. To understand the process of gaseous
exchange
The structure of the lungs
• State 5 key structures that are linked to the
respiratory system.
• State 5 key structures that can be found in the
circulatory system.
Present the structures as bullet points under a
heading or compose a spidergram.
The respiratory system
Task - worksheet
• Label the diagram of the respiratory system
Extension
• Describe the function of the key structures.
Mechanisms of breathing
Task (white board)
1. Place your hands on your ribs and take a few deep breaths
in and out.
2. In pairs write what you think is happening when taking a
breath in (inhalation) and a breath out (exhalation) to the:
 Ribs and lungs
 Why do you think this happens?
Extension
 Diaphragm & Intercostal muscles?
 What effect do these changes have on breathing during
each phase?
Starter activity
With every breath we inhale and exhale 4 main
components. Name the 4 components and describe
how the percentage may vary for inhalation and
exhalation
Into the lungs-Inhale
1. Oxygen 21%
2. Carbon dioxide small
amount
3. Water vapour-a little
Out of the lungs-exhale
1. Oxygen is reduced
2. Carbon dioxide is
increased
3. More water vapour is
produced(Aerobic
Respiration)
4. Nitrogen 79%
4. Nitrogen 79%
Mechanisms of breathing –
inspiration
Mechanisms of breathing –
expiration
Task – worksheet 2
• Describe the process of inhalation and exhalation using the
following key words:
• Ribs, Intercostal muscles, Diaphragm, volume of thorax,
pressure
Extension
With every breath we inhale 4 main components.
• Oxygen (21%)
State and explain
• Carbon dioxide (minimal)
how you think the
• Water Vapour (minimal)
percentage of each
component might
• Nitrogen (79%)
change during
exhalation
Factors which determine the amount of air
breathed in – Key terms and practical activity
Tidal volume is the amount you breathe in and out in
one normal breath. (approx. 0.5L at rest)
Respiratory rate is how many breaths you take per minute.
(approx. 8-15 at rest)
Minute Volume the volume of air inhaled per minute. (4-6L
at rest)
= Tidal volume x Respiratory rate
Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air you can
breathe out after breathing in as much as you can.
V02 max is the maximum volume of oxygen your
body uses in one minute.
Gas exchange at the alveoli
The alveoli are bunches
of tiny air sacks inside
the lungs.
Each individual sack is
called an alveolus.
When you breathe in,
they fill with air.
The alveoli are covered in tiny capillaries (blood vessels).
Gases can pass through the thin walls of each alveolus and
capillary, and into the blood stream.
Gases can also pass from the blood stream, into the alveolus.
Gas exchange at the alveoli
Gaseous exchange – practical task
• You are about to become a component of the respiratory
system.
• Some of you are going to be oxygen or carbon dioxide
molecules.
• Your task is to act out the flow of O2 through the
respiratory system via the correct route
• You then need to show via gaseous exchange the
exchange of gases at the alveoli and how CO2 is breathed
out of the body
• Now demonstrate how this process changes during
exercise.
Task
1. Draw a diagram and summarise the process of gas
exchange. You should include the following key words:
 Oxygen
 Breathed in
 Alveoli
Extension
 Diffuses
How might smoking
 Blood cell
affect respiration and
gaseous exchange?
 Capillary
 Carbon Dioxide
 Breathed out
Classwork task
The journey of an oxygen molecule
You are an oxygen molecule in the atmosphere.
Describe your journey from the atmosphere to a
muscle cell.
You can add some humour but it must be
accurate.
The Circulatory System
• Research work-Use full sentences P12 and P14
1. Name 3 main parts of the circulatory system
2. How many chambers does the heart have and
what are they called?
3. Give a definition for the pulse.
4. Identify 3 places where you can take the pulse.
5. Name the 4 components of blood and give a
brief description of each.