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Transcript
Digging for Drugs Ann Marie Goode MST, Auburn University Presented by: Erin Donovan, Auburn University What is Microbiology? • Study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye • Dates back to 1674 • Harmful and Beneficial • Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes What’s the Difference? • Prokaryotes – – – – Bacteria Single cell Lack nucleus No Membranebound organelles – Contain a cell wall • Eukaryotes – – – – Humans, animals Multi-cell Contain a nucleus Membrane-bound organelles – No cell wall – Usually larger than Prokaryotic cells Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic • No nucleus • No membrane bound organelles • Small • Nucleus • Membrane bound organelles • Large http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/images/cells/allcell.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/bioc oach/cells/common.html&h=265&w=400&sz=65&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=KO4XObMS1uJbJM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deukaryotic%2Bprokaryotic%26gbv%3D2%26n dsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN What Your Eyes Don’t See • light microscope • scanning electron microscope • transmission electron microscope Growing Pains • Bacteria grow in different… – temperatures – salt concentrations – pHs – oxygen concentrations • Bacteria are affected by different cleansers, disinfectants, and antibiotics Bugs and Drugs • Antibiotics are drugs that inhibit the growth of microorganisms • Kill prokaryotic cells not eukaryotic cells – Use differences as a drug target • Most antibiotics are actually produced by bacteria The War on Harmful Bacteria • Bacteria constantly mutate and change to evade antibiotic treatment • Escherichia coli (E. coli) – Thousands of different strains – E. coli O157:H7 Drugs and Dirt • Only 1% of soil microbes have been cultured in the lab • Looking at the entire bacterial community present • Take the DNA and put in into another bacterium • Test products produced for potential antibiotic activity Potential Labs • Plate soil and observe colonies and growth patterns • Choose a colony from soil plates and test susceptibility/resistance to various household cleansers • Grow Penicillium on a lemon – http://www.thinkingfountain.org/a/antibiotic/a ntibiotic.html Relation to HS curriculum • Biology core, section 4 – Distinguish between prokaryote and eukaryote – Identify various technologies used to observe cells
