Download Ann Marie Goode MST, Auburn University

Digging for Drugs
Ann Marie Goode
MST, Auburn University
Presented by: Erin Donovan, Auburn University
What is Microbiology?
• Study of organisms too small to be
seen with the naked eye
• Dates back to 1674
• Harmful and Beneficial
• Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
What’s the Difference?
• Prokaryotes
–
–
–
–
Bacteria
Single cell
Lack nucleus
No Membranebound organelles
– Contain a cell wall
• Eukaryotes
–
–
–
–
Humans, animals
Multi-cell
Contain a nucleus
Membrane-bound
organelles
– No cell wall
– Usually larger than
Prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic
• No nucleus
• No membrane bound organelles
• Small
• Nucleus
• Membrane bound organelles
• Large
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/images/cells/allcell.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/bioc
oach/cells/common.html&h=265&w=400&sz=65&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=KO4XObMS1uJbJM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deukaryotic%2Bprokaryotic%26gbv%3D2%26n
dsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
What Your Eyes Don’t See
• light microscope
• scanning
electron
microscope
• transmission
electron
microscope
Growing Pains
• Bacteria grow in different…
– temperatures
– salt concentrations
– pHs
– oxygen concentrations
• Bacteria are affected by different
cleansers, disinfectants, and
antibiotics
Bugs and Drugs
• Antibiotics are drugs that inhibit the
growth of microorganisms
• Kill prokaryotic cells not eukaryotic
cells
– Use differences as a drug target
• Most antibiotics are actually
produced by bacteria
The War on Harmful Bacteria
• Bacteria constantly mutate and
change to evade antibiotic treatment
• Escherichia coli (E. coli)
– Thousands of different strains
– E. coli O157:H7
Drugs and Dirt
• Only 1% of soil microbes have been
cultured in the lab
• Looking at the entire bacterial
community present
• Take the DNA and put in into another
bacterium
• Test products produced for potential
antibiotic activity
Potential Labs
• Plate soil and observe colonies and
growth patterns
• Choose a colony from soil plates and
test susceptibility/resistance to
various household cleansers
• Grow Penicillium on a lemon
– http://www.thinkingfountain.org/a/antibiotic/a
ntibiotic.html
Relation to HS curriculum
• Biology core, section 4
– Distinguish between prokaryote and
eukaryote
– Identify various technologies used to
observe cells